Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science

Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy LCLS Update Eric A. Rohlfing BESAC Meeting August 2, 2001 Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Scientific Case for the LCLS u “LCLS: The First Experiments” • Scientific case directly tied to decision on proceeding with LCLS construction (Critical Decision 0 - Conceptual Design) • Aimed at defining (in some detail) the first classes of experiments that would be mounted on the LCLS • Basis for experimental requirements for the LCLS CDR • Assembled through the LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee u Reviews • Presented to and discussed by BESAC in October 2000 • Unanimous vote to recommend that BES approve CD 0, contingent upon positive external peer review • External peer review completed in November 2000 Reviews not sufficiently strong to proceed with CD 0 Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Path Forward in Feb. 2001 u BES delayed approval of CD 0 Strong support for the LCLS project, but…. Scientific case and level of “community” support not yet sufficient u BES Workshop on Scientific Applications of Ultrafast, Intense, Coherent X-Rays Organizers: Eric Rohlfing and Pedro Montano, BES Focus: scientific applications of source with LCLS specifications with emphasis on ultrafast dynamics, nonlinear optics, x-ray imaging Participants: 20 -25 scientists; LCLS “veterans” with newcomers Logistics: May 4 -5, 2001; Wardman Park Marriott, Washington, DC Output: report that complements and broadens LCLS scientific case Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

BES Workshop Agenda 8: 15 am Session I 8: 30 am 9: 05 am 9: 35 am 10: 00 am 10: 20 am 10: 30 am 11: 00 am 11: 30 am Session II 1: 30 pm 2: 00 pm 2: 30 pm 3: 00 pm 3: 30 pm 4: 00 pm Friday, May 4 Introductory Remarks Eric Rohlfing Chair: Eric Rohlfing LCLS Technical Overview John Galayda Discussion of “LCLS: The First Experiments” Chemistry, Condensed Matter and Biology Jo Stohr Atomic and Plasma Science Phil Bucksbaum X-Ray Laser Physics Jerry Hastings Generation of Ultra-short X-Ray Pulses Claudio Pelligrini **** Break **** Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction with Table-Top Laser-driven K-alpha Sources Craig Siders Ultrafast Science with Femtosecond X-ray Pulses Robert Schoenlein Chair: Pedro Montano Small-Scale Coherent Short-Wavelength Sources Henry Kapteyn Producing and Probing Unique Plasmas with the LCLS using Atomic Cluster Targets Todd Ditmire Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopies; Nonlinear Response Functions and Liouville-Space Pathways Shaul Mukamel New Ordered States of Dense Excited Matter Charles Rhodes **** Break **** Open Discussions All Participants Basic Energy Sciences Saturday, May 5 Session III 8: 30 am 9: 00 am 9: 30 am 10: 00 am 10: 30 am 1: 30 pm 3: 00 pm 3: 30 pm 5: 00 pm Chair: Eric Rohlfing LCLS Applications in Microscopy Chris Jacobsen Prospects for Correlation Spectroscopy at the LCLS Simon Mochrie Time Domain Structural Studies of Chemical Reactions Using Pulsed X-Rays James Norris **** Break **** Discussion Session I: Ultrafast Phenomena Leader: Steve Leone Discussion Session II: Coherence and Imaging Leader: Simon Mochrie **** Break **** Discussion Session III: Atomic Physics/Nonlinear Optics Leader: Phil Bucksbaum **** Adjourn **** Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Highlights of BES Workshop u u More clearly defined the areas of science that LCLS (baseline operation) can potentially impact • Multiple core level excitation or multiphoton processes in atoms • Volumetric excitation of nanoscale matter by x-rays • Structural determinations for large biomolecules or nanocyrstals via x-ray imaging • Dynamics in condensed phases Shorter LCLS pulse still highly desirable • To extend x-ray probes into the time regime of atomic motion in molecules and solids • To “beat” destruction of the electronic and molecular structure in imaging experiments • There are realistic proposals for shortening the LCLS pulse Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Impact of BES Workshop u u Realization that the scientific community has been sufficiently canvassed to develop the best scientific case • No more workshops! (at least for a while) • BUT! Scientific program for the LCLS will continue to evolve and be very strongly coupled to advances in XFEL physics Decision to proceed with CD-0 in June, 2001 • CD-0 signed by the Acting Director, Office of Science • Preliminary project budget validation completed (TEC = $175 M) u LCLS collaboration now authorized to prepare Conceptual Design Report (CDR) • With good progress and funding availability, project engineering and design could start in FY 03 and construction in FY 04 Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

LCLS CD-0, Approve Mission Need for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science A. Justification of Mission Need 1. Office of Basic Energy Sciences Program Mission The mission of the Office of Science is “To advance basic research and the instruments of science that are the foundations for DOE’s applied missions, a base for U. S. technology innovation, and a source of remarkable insights into our physical and biological world and the nature of matter and energy. ” The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project is a unique opportunity for a major advance in carrying out that mission. The Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) within the DOE Office of Science currently operates four major synchrotron facilities: the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. These four facilities provide world-class X-ray probes of matter to an enormous user community that spans a broad range of the physical and biological sciences. BES is dedicated to the stewardship of the current light sources, as evidenced by the ongoing upgrades to SSRL, and to advancing the state-of-the art in X-ray probes of matter through the development of next-generation sources and instruments. In the early 1990 s, it became clear that the next-generation X-ray light source would be based on a linac-driven, x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). As early as 1992, workshops began to better define the properties of such an XFEL and the science that would be enabled. In 1994, the National Research Council published a study, Free Electron Lasers and Other Advanced Sources of Light, Scientific Research Opportunities, that reached the conclusion that FELs were not competitive with conventional lasers for scientific applications except in the X-ray region. Basic Energy Sciences Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences Fundamental Interactions Team Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division