OCULAR ANATOMY GLOBE EYE BALL CONJUNCTIVA EYELIDS LACRIMAL

OCULAR ANATOMY • • • GLOBE (EYE BALL) CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS LACRIMAL SYSTEM EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES NERVES ORBIT Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 2

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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL): • • TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM LAYERS(COATES) CHAMBERS LENS & ZONULES Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 4

THE EYEBALL, cont’d: • TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM: Axial length. . 24 mm. Equator. . 16 mm. posterior to limbus Diopteric power: cornea … 40 D lens … 20 D Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 5

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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL): • • TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM LAYERS(COATES) CHAMBERS LENS & ZONULES Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 7

COATES OF EYE OUTER CORNEA MIDDLE “Uveal tract” IRIS RETINA LIMBUS CILIARY BODY _____ SCLERA CHOROID _____ Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. INNER 8

OUTER COATE (LAYER): • • PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM CORNEA SCLERA LIMBUS Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 9

PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM: • THREE LAYERS: – Outer most : lipids …Meibomian , Zeiss and Moll glands – Middle : aqueous(watery) …Lacrimal and accessory lacrimal glands – Inner most : mucinous(mucoid) …Goblet cells Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 10

PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM: • FUNCTIONS: – Optical clarity – Nutrition – Defense mechanism Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 11

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OUTER COATE (LAYER): • • PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM CORNEA SCLERA LIMBUS Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 13

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CORNEA : • THREE LAYERS: – Epithelium / Bowman’s membrane – Stroma – Endothelium / Descemete’s membrane • DIAMETER : 12 mm. Horiz. / 11 mm. Vertic. • NERVE : Trigeminal, nonmylinated • BLOOD SUPPLY: NONE “AVASCULAR” Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 15

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OUTER COATE (LAYER): • • PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM CORNEA SCLERA LIMBUS Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 19

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SCLERA : • THREE LAYERS : – Episclera – Stroma – Lamina fusca • TWO OPPENINGS : anterior & posterior • THICKEST. . 1 mm. , THINNEST. . 0. 3 mm • NERVES : anterior; long ciliary n. posterior; short ciliary n. both: sensory from trigeminal n. : EXTREMELY PAINFULL WHEN INFLAMMED Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 22

SCLERA, cont’d: • BLOOD SUPPLY: – Episclera & choroidal vesseles. – Anterior to recti muscle’s insertion: • Anterior ciliary arteries ciliary injection – Posterior to recti muscle’s insertion: • Posterior ciliary arteries • LYMPHATICS : • None Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 23

OUTER COATE (LAYER): • • PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM CORNEA SCLERA LIMBUS Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 24

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LIMBUS: • It is corneo-scleral junction • Covered by conj. /Tenon’s capsule • Aqueous humor drainage system • Nerves: autonomic n. & sensory from trigeminal n. • Blood: ant. ciliary arteries&episcleral vesseles Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 27

COATES OF EYE OUTER CORNEA MIDDLE “Uveal tract” IRIS RETINA LIMBUS CILIARY BODY _____ SCLERA CHOROID _____ Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. INNER 28

MIDDLE COATE: • =Uveal tract (uvea = grape )ﻋﻨﺐ • 3 parts : ANTERIOR INTERMEDIATE POSTERIOR IRIRS CILIARY BODY CHOROID Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 29

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IRIS ( )ﺍﻟﻘﺰﺣﻴﺔ : • It has a central hole (pupil) to control light entering the eye ( ↓ glare) • It’s thinnest at its insertion to Ciliary Body! (traumatic iris dialysis) • Two layers: anterior stroma posterior epithelium • Two muscles: sphincter pupillae m. (para. n. ) dilator pupillae m. (sym. n. ) Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 32

IRIS, cont’d: IRIS, • Blood : major arterial circle of iris • Nerve : sensory, nasociliary n. (5 th C. N. ) Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 33

CILIARY BODY: • It’s a triangular organ, base forward • Two portions: uveal & epithelial – Uveal portion: 3 muscles; longitudinal, radial and circular – Epithelial portion: pars plicata & pars plana • Blood: majot arterial circle of iris • Nerve: short ciliary nerves Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 34

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CHOROID: • It’s posterior part of uveal tract • It’s 3 vascular layers , inner most : choriocapillaris • Blood: anterior & post. Ciliary arteries , drainage via vortex veins • Nerve : short ciliary nerves Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 37

COATES OF EYE OUTER CORNEA MIDDLE “Uveal tract” IRIS RETINA LIMBUS CILIARY BODY _____ SCLERA CHOROID _____ Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. INNER 38

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Eyeball, INNER COATE: • RETINA : – Two major layers: • Retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE). . Outermost • Neuro-sensory retina. . Innermost : – Subdivided into 10 layers : » Photoreceptors (rods, cones) … outermost » Nerve fiber layer … innermost – Centrally : Macula , foveola – Blood : choriocapillaris & central retinal artery – Functions : Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 40

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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL): • • TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM LAYERS(COATES) CHAMBERS LENS & ZONULES Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 44

Eye, CHAMBERS: ANT. CH M. Anteriorly Cornea posteriorl Iris, lens y Laterally A/c angle --medially 0. 20 ml volume Aqueous h. Filled by Ocular Anatomy POS. CHM VIT. CAVI T Iris L. , zon. , CB Ant vit face Ret. , opt. n. Cil process Retina Lens equato --- 0. 06 ml 4. 50 ml Aqueous h. Vitreous h. S. Khairallah, M. D. 45

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Anterior chamber ANGLE: • Between peripheral cornea & iris root • ANGLE STRUCTURES: anterior to posterior – Schwalbe’s line – Trabecular meshwork Schlemm’s canal – Scleral spur • FUNCTION : Drainage of aqueous humor Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 47

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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL): • • TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM LAYERS(COATES) CHAMBERS LENS & ZONULES Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 53

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Eyeball , LENS: • • • Biconvex, transparent, colorless No vesseles, no nerves Held in position by zonules 10 mm. in diameter, 4 mm. thick Consist of : – Lens capsule – Anterior lens epithelium – Lens substances: cortex(new f. )&nucleus(old f. ) Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 55

LENS. . cont’d: • Lens suture lines: ant. ”y”, post. inverted”y” • Contains 65% water , 35% proteins , trace minerals , ↑ K+ , ascorbic acid and glutathione. • AGING: – Larger – Harder(less elastic) – Coloring: yellow deep brown. why? Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 56

ZONULE : • = Zonule of Zinn , suspensory ligament • Collagen fibrils • Attach to nonpigmented epithelium of ciliary body and either sides of lens equator Ocular Anatomy S. Khairallah, M. D. 57