October 15 2008 ATHIC 2008 Tsukuba JPARC Overview

October 15, 2008 ATHIC 2008, Tsukuba J-PARC Overview Shoji Nagamiya J-PARC Center High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) 1

October 15, 2008 ATHIC 2008, Tsukuba J-PARC Overview Shoji Nagamiya J-PARC Center High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) 2

J-PARC Facility Ge. V= 10９ electron volt Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Nuclear Transmutation Hadron Beam Facility ５００ｍ (Phase 2) Neutrino to Kamiokande Linac (330 m) 3 Ge. V Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1 MW) 50 Ge. V Synchrotron (0. 75 MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint Project between KEK and JAEA 32

Location of J-PARC at Tokai 295 km JAEA 1 hour Tokai J-PARC Tsukuba 4

Goals at J-PARC Need to have high-power proton beams MW-class proton accelerator (current frontier is about 0. 1 MW) Materials & Life Sciences at 3 Ge. V Nuclear & Particle Physics at 50 Ge. V R&D toward Transmutation at 0. 6 Ge. V 5

Accelerators 50 0 m 50 Ge. V Synchrotron J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA） North to South 3 Ge. V Synchrotron Linac CY 2007 Beams JFY 2008 Beams Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008 6

Linac（330ｍ） 50 Ge. V Synchrotron（1600 ｍ） 3 Ge. V Synchrotron (350ｍ） Superconducting magnets for the neutrino beamline 7

Phase 1 and Phase 2 KEK Portion JAEA Portion – Phase 1 + Phase 2 = 1, 890 Oku Yen (= $1. 89 billions if $1 = 100 Yen). – Phase 1 = 1, 527 Oku Yen (= $1. 5 billions) for 〜 8 years. – JAEA: 860 Oku Yen (56%), KEK: 667 Oku Yen (44%). 8

Construction Schedule Construction Start Time when this schedule was created (J-PARC Center started) Now Open to Users 9

Linac 3 Ge. V Synchrotron Neutrino Beams (to Kamioka) J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA） South to North Experimental Areas 50 G Materials and Life Experimental Facility e. V S ync hrot ron CY 2007 Beams JFY 2008 Beams JFY 2009 Beams Hadron Exp. Facility Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008 10

Materials and Life Experimental Facility similar to SNS in the US and to ISIS in the UK 11

Materials & Life Experimental Facility Neutron Beam Lines (23 total) Neutron Scattering Area Muon Experimental Area Target Station Proton Beam Scattered Neutrons Experimental Devices Proton Beam 12

The 1 st Hall Container Mercury Target for Neutrons Muon Production Area Rail Experimental Hall Muon Hall The 1 st Neutron Source Hall （Neutron Area） The 2 nd Hall 2008. 5. 30. First Neutrons 2008. 12. Open to Users 13

Preparation of Neutron Equipments • 23 beam liens are available. • Application for equipment open to public. • About 10 equipments within JFY 2008. IBARAKI Biological Crystal Diffractometer - Ibaraki Prefecture Super High Resolution Powder Diffractometer (SHRPD) - KEK Protein Dynamics Analysis Instrument (DIANA) – JAEA Nuclear Interaction （Hokkaido、ＪＳＴ） Beam Test （JAEA） Fundamental physics （KEK) 4 d Space Access Neutron Spectrometer(4 SEASONS) -Grant-in-Aid for Specially -Promoted Research, MEXT, Life Science Proton beam High-intensity Versatile Neutron Total Diffractometer - KEK, NEDO Materials Science IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer - Ibaraki Prefecture High-intensity SANS (HISANS) - JAEA Neutron Reflectometer with Horizontal-Sample Geometry - KEK Engineering Diffractometer - JAEA 14

Example of Test Results in June, 2008 Obtained at KEK KENS Bragg Diffraction Result at J-PARC (world record) Lattice distance 15

New Invention for Moderator Neutron Source Moderator Neutrons from Reflector Neutron beams Protons Hydrogen Toward beamline AIC Decoupler（blue） Covers around the entire surface Ag, In, Cd 16

Muon Lifetime and Muon Rotation September 26, 2008 Lifetime = 2. 2 ms Muon Spin Rotation in a Magnetic Field 17

Expected Power vs. Actual Power November of 2003 Actual 1. 5 years ahead Power at KEK-Booster = 3 k. W 18

295 km West Neutrino Experimental Facility Super Kamiokande Number of Users: about 400 (about 1/6 from Japan) Experiments with Intense Neutrino Beams 19

４１．４ｍ Neutrino Oscillation (T 2 K) Experiment T 2 K Exp. J-PARC Electron Neutrino Super ４０ｍ Kamiokande Mu Neutrino 一コマ 100 times sensitivity as compared with K 2 K 100 neutrinos For example 150 neutrinos Dissapearance of neutrions ←→ Finite Mass 大気ニュートリノ 加速器ニュートリノ Kamoka, K 2 K, MINOS, etc. nt nm Electron neutrinos 13 Kam. LAND, SNO T 2 K Mu neutrinos ←→ Mixing between the 1 st and 3 rd generation CP violation experiment later by increasing intensity 太陽ニュートリノ ne 原子炉ニュートリノ Competition with FNAL and CERN ! 20

Layout for Neutrino Experiment p p n Future negotiation 2. 5 o 0 m 140 m 280 m 2 km Included in the budget n Muon monitors @ ~140 m – spill-by-spill monitoring of p-beam direction/intensity n First Front detector @280 m – 0 degree definition – High stat. neutrino inter. studies n Second Front Detector @ ~2 km – Ultimate systematics – Now fixing the site n Far detector @ 295 km – Super-Kamiokande (50 kt) 295 km Neutrino spectra at diff. dist 1. 5 km 295 km Dominant Systematic Error in K 2 K 0. 28 km 21

T 2 KK Ishitsuka et al. PRD 72 (2005) 033003 sign(Dm 2) CP violation Hyper-K T 2 KK (0. 27+0. 27 Mt) 2 s 3 s T 2 K-II (0. 54 Mt) Distance from the target (km) Korea JPARC L=1000~1250 km OA 1. 0~2. 5 deg Kamioka Off-axis angle L=295 km OA 2. 5 deg K. Hagiwara Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 137 84 (2004) 22

Production Area and Decay Volume Buried under the ground. Neutrino Area Beams in JFY 2009 Production Area （p + A →p ） Decay volume （p →m + n） 23

Hadron Experimental Facility Number of Users: about 600 Experiments with Intense K-Meson Beams (Kaon Factory) 24

Implantation of Hadron in the Nucleus K S Shrinkage K- Bound State S M. Angello, et al. PRL 94, 212303 (2005) Nucleus by 50% in radius Y. Akaishi, et al. PL B 613, 140 (2005) K Meson High Res. Exp. Hyper nucleus S Shrinkage by 20 % in radius K. Tanida, et al. PRL 86 1982 (2001) ? Quark Anti-quark Proton or Neutron Day-1 Experiments at Hadron Facility Partial deconfinement of quarks Mass change 25

Pion Implantation order parameter Meson Implantation p Meson RHIC LHC J-PARC Inside nuclear matter the order parameter for pion could be reduced by 1/3 (i. e. , partial restoration of chiral symmetry) K. Suzuki, et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072302 (2004) 26

Hadron Experimental Area Now Summer in 2007 Hadron Area Beam within JFY 2008 27

World Center l l l ISIS Materials and Life: One of three world centers, in particular, in Asia. Hadron physics A unique kaon factory in the world. n World leading accelerator Neutrino physics: As a world leader among the three world centers. facility is about to be completed. n Internationalization is, however, the urgent issue to solve! FNAL GSI CERN J-PARC SNS Center in neutrino Center in neutrons Hadron (Kaons) Hadron (antiprotons) Formation of the world center is the next issue! ISIS：英国ラザフォード研究所の中性子源、SNS：米国オークリッジ国立研究所の中性子源 CERN：欧州合同原子核研究機構、FNAL：米国フェルミ国立研究所、GSI：ドイツ重イオン研究所 28

Major Upgrades under Discussions n Neutrons and Muons – Neutron equipments: How to fill the 23 beamlines (so far about ten were funded). – Muon equipments: Among four beamlines, only one will be in operation in 2008. Others have to be funded. n Hadrons – Must construct several kaon beamlines plus a primary beamline. – Hadron hall expansion (Phase 2: 60 m in length to 100 m): Necessary to accommodate many user groups (Many requests on this at the Int. Workshop (NP 08) held on 5 -7 March of 2008). n Neutrinos – Power upgrade. – The third detector (at 2 km from J-PARC or at Okinoshima/Korea). n Nuclear Transmutation – The major item for Phase 2 … Main Goal for JAEA. n Others – Energy upgrade to 50 Ge. V. – Third extraction line or Fast Extraction at Hadron Hall? – Polarized protons, heavy-ions, …. 29

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Summary n Unique Accelerator Project – – n World class proton facility Variety of secondary beams Multipurpose Broad fields in Science (materials and Life, Nuclear and Particle, Nuclear Industrial, etc. ) Interdisciplinary facility Big facility with small users (over 1000 user groups) Open to users for Materials and Life in December of 2008. Start to use the hadron facility within JFY 2008. Neutrino beams in JFY 2009. Open the Facility to International Scientific Communities and Domestic Industries – – n Multi-purpose facility Internationalization is still not sufficient. Need to improve this aspect. Open to industries in the area of neutron sciences. Future Issues: Production of Top-Level Scientific Results – – Production of world leading results. Operation of the facility as the User Facility. International facility. Open to any countries in the world. Easier access by the industries. 33

1995 1996 1997 1998 Original KEK INS, U. Tokyo Present KEK (Govn’t Org. ) Meson Lab. U. Tokyo JHF J-PARC JAERI JNC Neutron Project Suggestion of Joint Effort 1999 2000 Monbu-sho Construction Start 2001 MEXT (Ministry of Educ. , etc. and Technologies) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 STA PS Operation Neutrino Const. Start Present KEK (Non Govn’t Org. ) New rule for the operational fund J-PARC Center New Joint Institution (JAEA) 2007 2008 Phase 1 Completion J-PARC Operation Neutrino Start JRR-3 M Operation 34