Ocean Zones shoreline to open ocean Intertidal Zone

Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean) Intertidal Zone n Neritic Zone Open Ocean Zone n Benthic Zone n n

Intertidal Neritic Zone Continental Shelf Open Ocean Zone Sunlight Benthic Zone

Intertidal Zone n Intertidal Zone Continental Shelf n Area between high tide line and low tide line Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments

The Impact of the Intertidal Zone

Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf n Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life n Neritic Zone Continental Shelf

Open Ocean Zone n Continental Shelf From the continental break out to open ocean

Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor n Underlies all the other zones n Benthic Zone

Lifestyles n 3 Basic Lifestyles: • Plankton • Nekton • Benthos

Ocean Lifestyles

Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers n Plankton divided into 2 groups: • Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers • Zooplankton – consumers n

Phytoplankton n Must live in the photic zone Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones The basis of the oceanic food web

Zooplankton Foraminifers n Radiolarians n Cnidarians n Combjellies n Arthropods n Larvae n

Zooplankton

Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers n Maneuver actively in the water column n Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor n

Nekton (swimmers) n 5 Categories: • Reptiles • Mammals • Fish • Arthropods • Mollusks

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Reptiles: • Turtles • Snakes • Crocodiles • Iguanas

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Mammals: • Whales • Seals • Otters • Manatees • Dolphins

Nekton (swimmers) n Bony Fish: • Tuna • Barracuda • Eels • Angler Fish

Nekton (swimmers) n Cartilaginous Fish • Sharks • Rays • Skates • Chimaeras

Nekton (swimmers) n Marine Arthropods • Shrimp n Mollusks • Squid • Octopi

Benthos (bottom dwellers) Live either burrowed in, resting on, or attached to the bottom n Primarily filter feeders, scavengers or deposit feeders n

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n 2 Basic Types: • Sessile - Live attached to the bottom • Vagrant - Able to move about

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Sessile: • Barnacles • Sponges • Corals • Sea Anemones • Oysters • Clams

Benthos (bottom dwellers) n Vagrant: • Crabs • Sea Stars • Sea Cucumbers • Sea Urchins • Brittle Stars

Now what do you think? ? Hmmmm…

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

What Am I?

n Which mapping technology would you use? Intertidal Zone • Snorkel • GPS (satellites) n Neritic Zone • Scuba Diver • GPS (satellites) n Open Ocean Zone • GPS (satellites) • Submarines • Sonar n Benthic Zone • • GPS (satellites) Submersibles R. U. M. s (robots) Sonar