Ocean Observing Meeting Diverse Community and Research Needs
Ocean Observing: Meeting Diverse Community and Research Needs Ocean Observing Activities of the Marine Geochemistry and Geology Division
MGGD Faculty Participants and Locus of Research • • • James Cowen Eric De Carlo Brian Glazer Fred Mackenzie Kathleen Ruttenberg Frank Sansone • CRIMP-CO 2 • Heeia Pond Observatory • Hi. OOS Nearshore Buoys and Sensors • Juan de Fuca • Kilo Nalu Observatory
CRIMP-CO 2: a Coastal Biogeochemical Observatory • Eric H. De Carlo, Fred T. Mackenzie, Margaret A. Mc. Manus: UH Oceanography • Richard Feely, Chris Sabine, Katie Fagan: NOAA/PMEL • Patrick Drupp, Didier Dumas, Chris Ostrander (07), Rachel Solomon (08), Chip Young: Oceanography GA’s • Mung. Fa Chun, Laura de Gelleke, Hong Ha: GES Students • Fancois Paquay, Daniel Hoover, Stephanie Ringuet: Technical Staff http: //www. pmel. noaa. gov/co 2/coastal/kbay/157 w_all. htm
CRIMP CO 2 • CO 2, O 2 sensors, CTD measuremnts at 3 hours frequency • Multiparameter sondes (Cond. , T, p. H, DO, Chl-a, Turbidity) at 10 minute frequency • ADV, ADCP, thermistor chains (Mc. Manus/Ostrander) • Climate from NWS, CI • Iridium telemetry of buoy data to NOAA/PMEL (once a day) ßSynoptic water column profiles (chl-a, cond/sal, DO, p. H, turbidity) ßWater samples for lab analyses (nutrients, chl-a, pigments)
CRIMP-CO 2: Objectives • To understand how land derived inputs impact coastal water quality (12+ year record of local funding associated with this objective) • To understand how land-derived nutrients and storm plumes fuel coastal water column productivity • To determine how productivity, calcification, and physical forcing control air-sea exchange of CO 2 in Kaneohe Bay. • To determine how seasonal changes in runoff affect annual CO 2 and O 2 gas exchange fluxes and the associated potential acidification of bay waters • Now shifting emphasis toward “ocean acidification” issues by examining calcification and dissolution of carbonates across the barrier reef of Kaneohe Bay (collaboration with M. Atkinson)
CRIMP-CO 2 • 1 st buoy of NOAA/PMEL coastal CO 2 monitoring program deployed Nov 2005 (four buoys exist now) • System to be moved to barrier reef of Kaneohe Bay (5/08) for calcification/dissolution studies • Part of three buoy network in Hawaii (two currently being built as part of HIPOOIS network for deployment on S. Shore of Oahu) • Can be a platform for testing of new sensor technology • Can be a platform for experiments by collaborating scientists… • Use of platforms for undergraduate research and training • Training of operational oceanographers N. S. Buoy Stations
CRIMP-CO 2: Accomplishments • First high temporal resolution time-series (2005 -now) study for a tropical coastal embayment. • >24 months of CRIMP-CO 2 data and synoptic water column data in the bay • Results: (2006) -1. 26, (2007) -2. 17 Mole C m-2 yr-1 flux is consistent with prior work stating that Kaneohe Bay is a source of CO 2 to the atmosphere on an annual timescale (-1. 45 Mole C m-2 yr-1, Fagan and Mackenzie, 2007) • Kaneohe Bay is a temporary sink of CO 2 during storms but remains a source to the atmosphere over annual scales ß Local but globally relevant data on direction and flux of greenhouse gases and ocean acidification ß Training of technical workforce in ocean technology and outreach… *Temporary CO 2 sink during several storm periods SINKSeason SOURCE 1 *No sink behavior during storm period 3, although decreased in source strength Season 2
Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory Geno Pawlak, Ocean and Resources Engineering Eric De Carlo, (Andrew Hebert), Margaret Mc. Manus, Mark Merrifield, Frank Sansone, Kevin Stierhoff, Judith Wells: Oceanography Roy Wilkens: HIGP Timothy Stanton: Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Oceanography Kristen Fogaren, Jeff Sevadjian, Melinda Swanson: Oceanography GA’s Brian Mc. Laughlin, Kimball Millikan Dave Harris: SOEST ESF Brian Chee: Advance Network Computing Lab.
A window into the Hawaiian coastal ocean environment… 1 st generation, Aug. 2004 2 nd generation, Nov. 2006 Ocean Prediction System: Real-time observations, validation waves/currents/water chemistry passive ocean acoustics Current Research: Nearshore physics, Internal tides, Benthic biogeochemistry, Air-sea CO 2 exchange, Nutrient dynamics Technological/Economic Development: Ocean technology test bed Training workforce development Education, Outreach Graduate, undergraduate education via Ocean Engineering / Oceanography / SOEST, and public outreach in collaboration with Bishop Museum Funding: NSF Co. OP, NSF OCE, ONR, UH Sea Grant
HIOOS Buoys and Nearshore Sensors • Eric De Carlo, Margaret Mc. Manus, Grieg Steward: UH Oceanography (and many others in HIOOS/HIPOOIS group) • Ross Timmerman (GES 07) • Mike Tomlinson (MS 04) T, Cond, Optical Buoy Stations • Collaboration with Hi-DOH (W. Okubo), C&CH (R. Tanimoto) • Continued collaboration with NOAA/PMEL on CO 2 system observations • System implementation: Spring 08
Bottom Sediment Impacts on Nutrient Cycling in He’eia Fishpond K. Ruttenberg, B. Glazer, M. Mc. Manus: UH Oceanography B. Briggs, C. Young: UH GA’s D. Sulak, D. Hull: GES Linda Rui, Lili Zhao: High School Students • The Pond: - Southern bank of He’eia Stream on K-bay - Paepae O He’eia & Kameha Schools - Aquaculture / land-ocean interface processes / anthropogenic impacts
Microbial Observatory: Microbial Ecology of Deep Basement Aquifer Jim Cowen, Brian Glazer and colleagues Biogeochemistry & geomicrobiology at MORs, ridge flanks, hot spots, and subduction zones • Depends on/requires strong ESF support • Technologically and logistically challenging,
Future connection to Regional Cabled Observatory Cascadia Basin CORK Boreholes • Power • To / large vol. pumping • Complex exp. setups • Communication • Event response • Sampling rate control
Borehole Downhole Sampling and Incubation MO PIs Cowen Taylor
In situ Redox Chemistry, Cabled and Networked (NSF-OTIC, 2007 -2009) Brian Glazer (UH-Oceanography) Kim Binsted (UH-Information & Computer Science and building science collaborations with Kilo Nalu group OBJECTIVES: • To modify and improve existing state of-the-art in situ electrochemical analyzer instrumentation for extended deployments within a proven cabled observatory network; • To produce a software package capable of automated near real-time data reduction during continuous in situ voltammetric data acquisition; • To further quantify durability and longevity of solid-state mercury-gold amalgam sensors under varying in situ redox conditions.
in situ Redox Chemistry 100 mm Au wire sealed in PEEK or glass using marine epoxy, plated with Hg O 2, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, H 2 S, H 2 O 2, I-, Sx 2 -, S 2 O 32 -, Fe. Saq, Fe(III) are all measurable in one scan (if present) Au wire – 100 mm diameter Polished epoxy surface
Current Status & Future Direction • • • Technique is tried, true, & proven in water column, sediments, hydrothermal, and lab settings Moving toward improving sensor integrity with lengthened deployments (currently weeks-months) Currently addressing data reduction problem (there is no commercial software for auto-analysis of large datasets) Kilo Nalu testing scheduled for February 2008 Moving toward eddy correlation for real-time flux measurements
Needs: Now and the Future • Strong engineering and technical support staff • Improved small boat operations/pool • Marine facilities with readily accessible shop/storage/staging areas • Long term maintenance support for Ocean Observing infrastructure • Dedicated State-supported technical staff • Fostering of industry partnership for sensor development • Funding support from “community” stakeholders and increased participation by local and State “agencies”
Ocean Acidification Time-series of seawater saturation states with respect to calcite, aragonite, and 15 and 20 mol% Mg-calcite using ion activity products from Bichoff et al. , 1987 & 1993 (B), and from Plummer & Mackenzie, 1974, (PM) at the CRIMP-CO 2 buoy (Solomon, 2007)
Voltammetry 101 O 2, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, H 2 S, H 2 O 2, I-, Sx 2 -, S 2 O 32 -, Fe. Saq, Fe(III) are all measurable in one scan, if present Glazer et al. 2004
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