Ocean Commission Update Coastal and Ocean Governance Review

Ocean Commission Update

Coastal and Ocean Governance Review for Washington State Presentation to Washington State Senate Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean and Recreation January 31, 2005 Marc J. Hershman Professor, School of Marine Affairs Adjunct Professor, School of Law University of Washington

An Ocean Blueprint for the 21 st Century

Expansion of ocean jurisdiction The 1958 zonal approach Baseline 12 NM ? ? NM T. S. C. Z. High Seas Low Water Continental Shelf Thanks to Craig Allen

Expansion of ocean jurisdiction The modern regime Uplands *Baseline* Internal waters Tidelands Submerged Lands 12 NM T. S. C. Z. EEZ (188 NM wide) High Water Low Water Continental Shelf High Seas 200 NM Deep Seabed Thanks to Craig Allen

The renewal of national ocean policy The U. S. Commission on Ocean Policy l l l Bi-partisan panel Broad range of expertise Geographic balance

Presidential response The President has 90 days to submit to Congress a statement of proposals to implement or respond to the Commission’s recommendations. The Bush Administration “Ocean Action Plan” was announced December 17, 2004.

Final Report Contents The new ocean governance framework International role Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework Education l l International role Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding l K-12 Higher Ed & the workforce Informal ed America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Education and the workforce l l l Education coordination and development are key functions within the National Ocean Council Align education with workforce needs Develop diverse ocean-related education at all postsecondary levels Promote federal stipends for ocean-related education at the post-secondary level Encourage cross-disciplinary courses of ocean study

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework International role Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge l l l Advancing our understanding Watersheds Natural hazards Restoration Shorelines Commerce Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Coastal management Protection from natural hazards l l l Address growing costs of coastal hazards and data needs Eliminate federal incentives that encourage inappropriate development Better incorporate hazard risk into federal project analysis Improve awareness of hazard risks Improve the National Flood Insurance Program Improve hazard mitigation planning www. ecy. wa. gov Washaway Beach, WA www. ecy. wa. gov Ocean Shores, WA

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework International role Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Advancing our understanding Ocean Value & Vitality l l l Coastal pollution Monitoring Vessel pollution l l Invasive species Marine debris

Water Quality and Pollution Addressing coastal water pollution l l Coastal waters under siege Managing point sources of pollution Managing nonpoint sources of pollution Managing atmospheric sources of pollution EPA office of water

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework International role Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Advancing our understanding Ocean Value & Vitality l. Fisheries l. Aquacultur l. Mammals e l. Offshore non-living resources

Ocean Value and Vitality Achieving Sustainable Fisheries l l Upgrade scientific input and separate scientific and management decisions Strengthen research that supports management of commercial and recreational fishing Clarify fishery management jurisdictions and upgrade interstate fishery organizations Broaden Fishery Council membership

Ocean Value and Vitality Protecting Marine Mammals l www. noaanews. noaa. gov l l www. yoto 98. noaa. gov www. ucsc. edu l Threats to marine mammals Improving marine mammal protection Meeting research and education needs Applying ecosystembased management

Ocean Value and Vitality Preserving Coral Reefs l l Coral ecosystems The existing management framework International coral reef protection Improving understanding of corals FKNMS

Marine Archaeology

Ocean Value and Vitality Marine aquaculture l l www. photolib. noaa. gov Offshore Pacific threadfin (Moi) pen, HI Challenges to expansion Developing and implementing national aquaculture policy Increasing the knowledge base International concerns and cooperation

Ocean Value and Vitality Connecting oceans and human health l l Links between oceans and human health Beneficial uses of marine-derived bio-products Negative health impacts of marine organisms Increasing federal coordination of oceans and human health research www. wdfw. wa. gov

Ocean Value and Vitality Development of offshore energy and other mineral resources l l l Non-living resources in federal waters Oil and gas Methane hydrates Renewable energy Other marine minerals Wave Dragon – a large offshore wave energy converter www. wavedragon. net

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework International role Advancing our understanding l l Research Observing systems Technology Data Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Research/ Education Monterey Bay Aquarium/ MBARI R/V Western Flyer ROV Tiburon Hydrothermal vent

Ocean Research/Observing Systems The Neptune Project

Final Report Contents The new ocean policy framework International role l International ocean policy and science Education Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Final Report Contents The new ocean governance framework l l National Council Regional Approach Offshore management Consolidation International role Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution Ocean Value & Vitality

Governance framework The national level initiative Executive Office of the President Ocean Policy Advisors (non-federal) National Ocean Council Chair: Assistant to the President for Ocean Affairs Committee on Ocean Resource Management Scientific and Technical Advisors Committee on Ocean Science, Applications and Technology

National Ocean Council Functions l l l l l Develop goals for national ocean governance Recommend and oversee national ocean policy Coordinate/ integrate activities of federal ocean agencies Stimulate regional approaches to ocean management Identify redundancies Guide use of science for policy Support partnerships: agency/NGO, private/public Expand agency outreach Assess state of nation’s oceans and coasts

The regional approach “Bottom-up” policy development l l Take the initiative on ocean management Set agenda and determine organizational structure Receive federal support Define regions (initially based on fisheries management regions)

The regional approach Potential functions l l l l USGS l Characterize the region Develop goals and objectives Facilitate regional research Coordinate collaborative ocean management Build awareness Develop regional ecosystem assessments Monitor and evaluate regional performance Identify opportunities for offshore uses (e. g. renewable energy, MPA’s)

Improving governance of the offshore A coordinated management regime l Meet Growing Need l Clarify Offshore Responsibilities l Ensure fair return from use of resources l Use Marine Protected Areas as Appropriate

Renewable ocean energy Offshore wind farms: Horns Rev, Denmark www. hornsrev. dk

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Dec. 17, 2004 l l l Enhancing Leadership and Coordination Advancing ocean research and observations Improving natural resource use and conservation Assisting coast and watershed management Supporting marine transportation Advancing international ocean science and policy

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Supporting Regional Collaborations • Great Lakes Interagency Collaboration • Regional Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico • Regional Aquatic Resource Partnership for the Southeast of US

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Resource Management Actions • Promote market based systems in fisheries • Foster balanced representation on fish councils • Establish guidelines for use of science in fisheries • Implement coral reef local action strategies • Propose offshore aquaculture legislation • Better integrate the existing network of marine managed areas • Support offshore energy development

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Coast and Watershed Management • Advance watershed conservation through the Farm Bill • Conserve and restore coastal habitat • Prevent the spread of invasive species • Reduce coastal water pollution • Reduce airborne pollution of coastal waters

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Ocean Research and Observations • Develop ocean research priorities plan • Build global earth observation network • Deploy new research and survey platforms • Develop national water quality monitoring network • Coordinate ocean and coastal mapping • Implement oceans, human health, hypoxia act • Promote lifelong ocean education

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan International Ocean Policy and Science • Accede to UN Convention on the Law of the Sea • Strengthen implementation of London Convention • Reduce land-based sources of marine pollution • Approve ratification of MARPOL amendments on pollution from marine engines • Use large marine ecosystems concept in international context • Link global earth observation system with the global marine assessment

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Supporting Marine Transportation l l l Make ICMTS Cabinet Level Implement Freight Action Agenda Assess Short Sea Shipping Update water level observation network near seaports Launch Federal Clean Marina Challenge Decrease Vessel Air Emissions

Congressional Initiatives - 2003 -04 l l l l l NOAA Organic Legislation Ocean and Coastal Policy Ocean Exploration Ocean Mapping Oceans and Human Health Marine Debris Reduction Ocean and Coastal Observations Coast and Estuarine Land Protection Ocean Research Coordination

Coastal State and BC Initiatives California Ocean Action Plan and Ocean Protection Council l Oregon Ocean Policy Advisory Council l Canada Ocean Strategy; Cdn-BC Implementation MOU l Hawaii Ocean and Coastal Council l Washington: Proposed Ocean Policy Review Commission l

Washington State Situation Emerging marine technologies and development/environmental trends • Renewable ocean energy projects • Fisheries enhancement and mariculture • Ocean science and monitoring • Marine Biotech and human health protection • Climate change and variability effects • Marine transit and short sea shipping

Washington State Situation Links to Oregon and British Columbia • Oregon: coordination on erosion, dredging, fisheries, research and ocean observing/monitoring systems • British Columbia: coordination on water quality, habitat improvement, research, marine reserves, shipping safety

S. 5278 - Ocean Policy Review Commission l l l Modeled after US Commission Gets the dialogue started Take a fresh and independent look Build capacity to better assert state interests Provide sufficient funds for an independent review

Thank you The Project on Ocean Governance School of Marine Affairs University of Washington