Ocean Characteristics and Technology Salinity Salinity the total

Salinity • Salinity - the total amount of salt material dissolved in water •

Temperature Changes • Temperature difference in 2 dimensions: – Latitude (North vs. South) –

Gases in the Ocean • Gases in ocean similar to that of atmosphere –

Phytoplankton • Phytoplankton – Microscopic Organisms – Include algae – Do photosynthesis • Algal

Sonar • Using SOUND waves to determine depth and structure. • Length of time

Submersible • Vehicles that can submerge, or go under water. • Robotic vs. Manned

Manned Submersible ← Unmanned Submersible →

What are Buoys? Floating devices used for: • Measure water properties (temp, p. H,

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Ocean Characteristics and Technology

Salinity • Salinity - the total amount of salt material dissolved in water • Comes from: – Eroding Land – Reactions at sea floor – Volcanic Emissions **1**

Temperature Changes • Temperature difference in 2 dimensions: – Latitude (North vs. South) – Surface waters near equator > surface waters at poles – Depth – Deeper waters = colder (less sun!) **2**

Gases in the Ocean • Gases in ocean similar to that of atmosphere – CO 2, N 2, and O 2 • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange – Photosynthesis = Make oxygen – Respiration = Make carbon dioxide

Phytoplankton • Phytoplankton – Microscopic Organisms – Include algae – Do photosynthesis • Algal Bloom – When phytoplankton become so numerous they cover surface → Harmful! – Block Sunlight – Suck up all the nutrients

Sonar • Using SOUND waves to determine depth and structure. • Length of time for waves to return = distance. • Longer Time = Deeper • Shorter Time = Shallow

Submersible • Vehicles that can submerge, or go under water. • Robotic vs. Manned • Can be affected by pressure in the ocean

Manned Submersible ← Unmanned Submersible →

What are Buoys? Floating devices used for: • Measure water properties (temp, p. H, etc. ) • Navigation markers

Challenger Deep • Descent