Occupational Safety and Health and the Prevention of

Occupational Safety and Health and the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases Nancy J. Leppink Chief LABADMIN/OSH Study Visit for the delegation of the Russian Federation Social Insurance Fund 28 -29 September 2015

Outline 1. Stating the problem (Occupational accidents and diseases) 2. ILO Framework for action on OSH 3. The Russian Federation EII current context 4. Examples of worldwide employment injury scheme prevention action i. General Services ii. Country Legislative Examples 5. The way forward for the Russian Federation?

The Problem Annual work-related injuries, diseases and death: • 313 million injuries • 350, 000 fatal accidents • 2. 3 million deaths • 4% of gross domestic product lost Source: ILO 2014 report on Safety and Health at Work: A Vision for Sustainable Prevention 3

ILO OSH Conventions • • • C 155: Occupational Safety and Health C 161: Occupational Health Services C 162: Asbestos C 167: Construction Safety C 170: Chemicals C 174: Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents C 176: Safety and Health in Mines C 184: Safety and Health in Agriculture C 187: Promotional Framework for OSH P 155: Recording and Notification 4

Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention (No. 187) • A national OSH systems shall include: – – – – – legislation; competent authority; mechanisms for ensuring compliance; arrangements to promote cooperation between management and workers; tripartite advisory body; information and advisory services; provision of training; occupational health services; research on OSH; mechanism for data collection and analysis; collaboration with social security schemes; and support mechanisms for improving OSH conditions in microenterprises, SMEs and the informal economy.

ILO Framework for Action on OSH 2001: Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems 2002: Protocols to the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No. 155 2003: ILO’s Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health 2006: Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No. 187 2010: Plan of Action for 2010 -2016 2010: Update List of Occupational Diseases 2013: GB discussion on the Prevention of Occupational Diseases 2015: Global Program on Occupational Safety and Health

OSH GLOBAL ACTION FOR PREVENTION 1. Improve national regulatory frameworks on OSH and strengthen capacity to develop and implement compliance strategies and inspection practices; 2. Enhance national institutional capacities to acquire and use OSH knowledge and information to develop effective prevention policies, strategies, systems and programmes; 3. Encourage and facilitate consultation, collaboration and cooperation in OSH between governments, employers and workers through effective dialogue; 4. Strengthen national employment injury compensation legislation and administrations to interact with OSH systems and programmes.

The Russian Federation and ratified conventions • Ratified 73 ILO Conventions and 1 Protocol • Fundamental Conventions: 8 • Governance conventions: 3 • Technical conventions: 62 Including: ü C 155 - Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 ü C 187 - Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 ü C 174 - Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993 ü C 081 - Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 ü C 150 - Labour Administration Convention, 1978 ü C 160 - Labour Statistics Convention, 1985 * Not ratified: C 102 - Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 and C 121 - Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964

Russian employment injury compensation system • The current system is based on compensations granted to the employees working in harmful conditions. • Two main components: – immediate supplementary salary allocations – reducing the retirement age • Employment injury benefits are also paid in case of accidents, occupational diseases and fatal accidents.

Statistics Source: RUSSIAN FEDERATION. State Statistic Service Economically active population mln people Including employed mln people in % to the corresponding period of the previous ye 75, 9 100, Unemployment rate, % unemployed mln people in % to the corresponding period of the previous ye 71, 8 100, 5 4, 2 97, 9 Number of persons who suffered in occupational accidents with a disability for one day and more and with death: Total, thou. per 1000 employees Number of persons who suffered in occupational accidents with death: Total per 1000 employees Unemployed, oficially registered in the employment services mln people 5, 5 0, 9 in % to the corresponding period of the previous year 97, 3 Level of registered unemployment, % 1, 2 1992 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 364 6. 2 152 5. 1 78 3. 1 58 2. 5 46 2. 1 48 2. 2 44 2. 1 41 1. 9 35. . . 7655 0. 131 4404 0. 149 3091 0. 124 2550 0. 109 1967 0. 090 2004 0. 094 1824 0. 086 1820 0. 084 1691. . .

Key figures Source: RUSSIAN FEDERATION. State Statistic Service Dynamic of the new registered cases of invalidity caused by occupational diseases and disabilities due work-related injuries Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 persons 10129 13856 10716 7889 6874 6459 6160 5756 Dynamic of the actual costs of the workers working in harmful conditions Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Billion rubbles 91. 5 102. 6 122. 8 141. 3 154. 6 Dynamic of the percentage of compensations granted for the employees engaged in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 % of employees 9. 8 10. 8 12. 0 13. 2

ILO values driving global trends: prevention vs compensation - Priority on preventative OSH culture - Compensation cannot replace prevention - Where possible, hazards should be eliminated at source - Collective protective measures are preferred to individual protective equipment - Workers exposed to risks which cannot be eliminated shall be protected with adequate protective equipment at no cost - OSH management systems are critical to continually improve safety and health conditions at the workplace

The ILO is promoting a holistic approach towards improving employment injury schemes The EI schemes provide three functions: • prevention, to reduce the number of workplace accidents and diseases, • rehabilitation, so that the individuals affected can if possible return to work, • compensation where individual workers have lost out. “Prevention before rehabilitation, and rehabilitation before compensation”

Examples of prevention services § Recent ILO 2013 study: Strengthening the role of Employment Injury Schemes to Help prevent Occupational Accidents and Diseases § The study survey covered 24 countries including the Russian Federation § Examples of prevention services offered by EI schemes in the 24 countries § Consulting and supervision (inspection) § OSH rules and regulations (accident prevention regulations of EI scheme institutions) § Health care and/or medical examinations § Support enterprises/employers in the assessment of occupational risks § Workplace health promotion § Operational services, such as measurements of hazardous substances or ergonomic analysis and advice at the workplace § Education, qualification and/or training § Testing and certification services § Research § Economic incentives / other kinds of incentive such as awards, premiums etc. § Information and communication

Preventive measures in relation to employment injury insurance (EII) Share of EI scheme expenditure spent on prevention work Source: Strengthening the role of Employment Injury Schemes to Help prevent Occupational Accidents and Diseases, page 13 http: //www. ilo. org/wcmsp 5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_214022. pdf

Country legislative examples to promote prevention measures under EII Republic of Korea

Bulgaria

France

Spain

Prevention pays! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Nancy J. Leppink, Chief LABADMIN/OSH Branch Email: labadmin-osh@ilo. org Web site: www. ilo. org/labadmin-osh