Occupational Hygiene in the Oil Gas Industry Day
























- Slides: 24

Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Day 2 – Section 9 Oxygenates 1. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Oxygenates - Alcohols or Ethers: Alcohols Methanol (Me. OH) Ethanol (Et. OH) Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) n-butanol (Bu. OH) Gasoline grade t-butanol (GTBA) 2. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd Ethers Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) Tertiary hexyl methyl ether (THEME) Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) Tertiary amyl ether (TAEE) Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Gasoline Blends Around the World • North America E 85 (85% Ethanol, 15% gasoline) – MTBE (11 – 15%vol. ) • South America (some are 100% ethanol) • Typical gasoline blends E 10 (10% Ethanol, 90% gasoline) • Gasoline Ether Oxygenates (GEO) used in 30 European countries – refer CONCAWE report 4/12 • EU Directive 98/70/EC: Up to Maximum 15%vol. Ether Oxygenates in gasolines 3. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Environmental Concerns • Air • Water – Groundwater, drinking water, surface water, runoff water, precipitation (rain/snow) • However CONCAWE Report 4/12 concluded: ‘Gasoline Ether Oxygenates (GEO) not detected at concentrations that give rise to taste or odour concerns or to ecological or human health impacts. ’ 4. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

CONCAWE Report 4/12 (2012) 5. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Australia - Gasoline Grades with Ethanol • E 10 commenced Sept 2007 contains 10% Ethanol 90% unleaded gasoline, <1% of Australian Gasoline market (2008) • Shell V Power (100 RON) contains 5% Ethanol • Oxygenates usually blended at refinery, however for low sales volumes may be blended at terminal. • IH Monitoring issues when sampling on charcoal tubes (desorption solvent - consult lab) 6. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

End of Section 9 Oxygenates 7. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Day 2 – Section 10 ALKYL LEAD Tetraethyl Lead & Tetramethyl Lead 8. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Alkyl Lead Blending Facilities 9. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) • Discovered by Midgley, went on sale 1923 Ohio USA • Widely used around the world from 1930’s until 1990’s. • Still used in motor gasoline in several countries • Still used in some aviation gasolines • Major octane improver for gasolines • ‘TEL-B’ comprises : TEL 61. 4%, Ethylene Dibromide 35. 7%, Dyes & Kero (balance) 10. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Alkyl Lead compounds/ Tank cleaning • Alkyl Lead compounds, – Tetraethyl lead (TEL) – Tetramethyl lead (TML) • Used since 1923 in refining operations as a motor gasoline and aviation gasoline additive. • TEL and TML are extremely toxic. – Adverse effects can occur as a result of inhalation or skin absorption • Main suppliers were Du. Pont, Ethyl Corporation, and Associated Octel Limited, now Innospec 11. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Tank repair Rust on tank floor. Leaded sludge may be under floor or in tank support legs Alkyl Lead sludge is very toxic. 12. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Alky Lead – Groups at Risk • Product Blending – Aviation gasoline still uses TEL • Knock test laboratory employees – Used to make calibration blends • Tank Inspection/repair/cleaners – Old leaded gasoline tanks, lead sludge • Maintenance personnel – Handling alkyl lead contaminated equipment 13. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Lead-in-Air Test Kit • Air sample captured in Iodine solution, chemical reaction, colourmetric analysis • Limited use – toxic chemicals (cyanide solutions) 14. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

End of Section 10 Alkyl Lead 15. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry Day 2 – Section 11 CONTROL LABORATORIES 16. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Laboratories • Work practices • Fume Hoods • Potential Chemical exposure 17. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Control Laboratories Octane Rating Engine ‘Knock engine’ Research Octane Test Engine Various blends are made up at specific octane numbers [n. C 7 Octane = 0, i. C 8 Octane = 100, add TEL for blends above 100 Octane] 18. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Testing the face velocity of a fume hood 19. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Lab wash area 20. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Lab fume hood ? – Poor Design 21. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Terminal Laboratory – Poor work practices 22. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

Field ‘Lab’ & Testing 23. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry

End of Section 11 Control Laboratories 24. © 2013 Petroch Services Pty Ltd BP Version J 11002– Occupational Hygiene in the Oil & Gas Industry
Occupational Hygiene in the Oil Gas Industry Day
Occupational Hygiene in the Oil Gas Industry Day
Introduction Occupational Hygiene in the Oil Gas Industry
Oil Gas Industry Update Thanks to Oil Gas
Food Hygiene Personal Hygiene and Plant Hygiene in
HYGIENE STANDARDS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Hygiene Standards
HYGIENE STANDARDS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Hygiene Standards
HYGIENE STANDARDS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Hygiene Standards
Oil Gas Oil Gas supply chain specifics challenges
Oil and Gas Geology of Oil and Gas
Careers in the Oil Gas Sector Oil Gas
Occupational Asthma ARSHAD EJAZI Occupational asthma Definition Occupational
Burn Prevention and Occupational Therapy Occupational Therapy Occupational
OLIVE OIL CLASSIFICATION OF OLIVE OIL Olive oil
CRUDE OIL What is crude oil Crude oil
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 4 LIGHTING
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 3 12
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 3 3
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 3 13
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 2 8
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 4 4
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 1 1
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 4 LIGHTING
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day 1 Insert