Obstructive Sleep Apnea SLEEP is a naturallyoccurring periodic

Obstructive Sleep Apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症

SLEEP is a naturallyoccurring, periodic and reversible state 睡眠是一種自然發生的，週期性的且可逆的狀態

WHEN YOU SLEEP 當你在睡眠狀態的時候 Your Body Rests, But is Also Active 你的身體處於休息的狀態，但仍然是活躍的 Your consciousness and muscular activity either temporarily stops or slows down 你的意識和肌肉活動或者暫時性停止或者放慢速度 Your reaction to outside things slows down 你對外界的反應變得緩慢

How Sleep Helps Us 睡眠是如何幫助我們的 So we can save energy (Autonomous Function) Gives the body a break from the day’s work 給 作了一天的身體一 段休息時間 所以我們可以節省體力 （人體自動的功能） Gives the brain a break from day’s work 給 作了一天的大腦一 段休息時間 So Brain can grow (Neural Plasticity) 所以大腦可以發育（神 經可塑性）

How Sleep Works 睡眠是如何運作的 There are 5 stages in one sleep cycle. 每個睡眠週期有五個階段 Each sleep cycle takes about 90 minutes. 每個睡眠週期大約需要90分鐘 The sleep cycle is repeated 5 or 6 times during the night. 夜晚每個睡眠週期會重複5或 6次

Sleep Stages 睡眠的各個階段 Stages 1 and 2 （階段 1和階段 2） You are asleep but not in a deep sleep 你睡著了但是沒有處於深度睡眠狀態 Stages 3 and 4 （階段 3和階段 4） You are in a deep restful sleep called Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and your breathing and heart rate slows down and your body is still 你處於深度休息睡眠狀態叫做非快速眼動睡眠。你的呼吸和心率放緩，你 的身體是靜止的 Stage 5（階段 5） You are in the deepest stage of sleep called Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and your body and mind are so completely at rest that your eyes move under your eyelids 你處於睡眠的最深階段叫做快速眼動睡眠。你的身體和大腦完全處於休息 狀態，你的眼睛在眼皮下運動

Importance of REM Sleep 快速眼動睡眠的重要性 Adults need to sleep between 7 to 8 hours per night to get enough REM sleep. 成年人每晚需要睡 7至 8個小時以獲得足夠的快速眼動睡眠 When you do not get enough REM sleep: 當你沒有獲得足夠的快速眼動睡眠時 The brain does not function the way it should (brain dysfunction) 大腦不會以它應該的方式運行（大腦功能紊亂） You respond more slowly to things (external stimulation) 你對外部事物的反應比較慢（外部刺激） Sleep Apnea prevents you from getting enough REM sleep 睡眠呼吸暫停使你不能獲得足夠的快速眼動睡眠

Sleep Apnea 睡眠呼吸暫停 DEFINITION (定義) An Apnea is a temporary pause in breathing 呼吸暫停是呼吸時的短暫性停止。 CAUSE (起因) It is often caused by the tissue in the back of the throat collapsing. 睡眠呼吸暫停常常是由喉嚨後部的組織塌陷引起的。 When you fall asleep, the muscles of the upper airway relax. 當你進入睡眠的時候，上部呼吸道的肌肉放鬆。 If you sleep on your back, gravity can cause the tongue to fall back. 如果你是仰臥，地心引力可以引起你的舌頭垂下。 This narrows the airway, which reduces the amount of air that can reach your lungs. 這使得呼吸道變狹窄，減少了進入肺部的空氣量。 The narrowed airway causes snoring by making the tissue in back of the throat vibrate as you breathe. 當你呼吸的時候，變得狹窄的呼吸道由於喉嚨後部組織的顫動而引起打鼾

Obstructive sleep apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停 If you have Obstructive Sleep Apnea you stop breathing during sleep. 如果你有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停的問題，你在睡眠的時候呼吸就會停止 HOW DOES IT WORK (這個問題是怎麼出現的呢) The airway becomes blocked repeatedly, limiting the amount of air that reaches your lungs. 呼吸道反復地被阻塞，限制了進入肺部的空氣量。 RESULT (後果) You may snore loudly or making choking noises as you try to breathe. 當你試圖呼吸的時候, 你會大聲地打鼾或者發出透不過氣來的聲音。 Because your brain and body do not have enough oxygen, you may wake up a few times a night, or in more severe cases, several hundred times a night. 由於你的大腦和身體沒有獲得足夠的氧氣，你每天晚上可能會醒來幾次，或者 更為嚴重的是，每天晚上可能醒來幾百次。

Obstructive Sleep Apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停

If you have Sleep Apnea 如果你有睡眠呼吸暫停的問題 Your body is waking up numerous times throughout the night, even though you might not be conscious of each awakening. And your body does not receive enough oxygen during the night. 即使你沒有意識到每一次的醒來，你的身體整個夜晚也會醒來無數次。 而且你的身體整個夜晚不會吸入足夠的氧氣. RESULT (後果) you may wake up in the morning feeling tired even though you have had a full night of sleep. 即使你睡了整整一夜，早晨醒來時也會覺得很累 you may feel tired during the day or have difficulty concentrating 白天時你會覺得疲倦或注意力不集中 you may unintentionally fall asleep during the day 白天時你會無意地睡著

HEALTH IMPACTS OF SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停對健康的影響 Obesity (肥胖) High blood pressure (高血壓) Heart disease (心臟病) Stroke (中風) Pre-diabetes and diabetes (前期糖尿病和糖尿病 ) Depression (抑鬱症)

RISK FOR SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的危險因素 INCREASES IF YOU ARE 睡眠呼吸暫停的危險會增加，如果你： Overweight – An adult with a BMI of 25 or higher is considered to be overweight. Your risk of sleep apnea increases with the amount of excess body weight. 超重－成年人的體質指數超過25的時候被認為是超重。你得睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的危險會增加。 Have a large neck size (>17 inches for men, > 16 inches for women) – A large neck will have more fatty tissue that can block your airway. 頸部較粗（男性>17英吋， 女性>16英吋）－頸部多餘的脂肪會阻塞氣管 Age 40+ for men, 50+ for women – Sleep apnea occurs more often in older adults, especially people older than 60. 男性年齡大於 40歲，女性大於 50歲－睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症在 60歲以上的人群中比較常見 Male – Men have twice the risk having sleep apnea compared to women 男性－ 男性得睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的概率是女性的兩倍 Smoker – Smokers have a higher risk of sleep apnea 吸煙－ 吸煙的人更加容易得睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症 Hypertensive – High blood pressure is very common in people with sleep apnea 高血壓患者－ 高血壓在睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症患者中很常見 Family history of OSA – Sleep apnea can appear more often among family members. This may be a result of either inherited traits or common lifestyles. 家庭成員有睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的病史－ 如果親屬有睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的病史，更易得病。這 可能是由於遺傳或者相同的生活習慣

SYMPTOMS OF SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的症狀 Loud or frequent snoring 大聲的或經常性的打鼾 Choking or gasping while you sleep 睡眠中窒息或者喘息 Pauses in breathing 呼吸中斷 Morning headaches 晨起頭痛 Excessive daytime sleepiness 日間嗜睡度高 Insomnia due to difficulty staying asleep 睡眠不安穩導致的失眠 Waking up with dry mouth or a sore throat 醒來時口干或者咽喉痛 Frequent need to urinate during the night 夜間經常排尿 Trouble concentrating 很難集中注意力 Memory or learning problems 記憶力和學習會出現問題 Moodiness, irritability or depression 會喜怒無常 易被激怒 或者抑鬱

SLEEP APNEA SELF TEST 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症 自我檢測 Do you? 你有以下症狀麼？ Unintentionally fall asleep during the day 不自覺的在白天睡著了 Experience daytime sleepiness 有日間嗜睡的症狀 Still Feel Tired after Sleeping 7 or more hours 即使睡了7小時以上，還會覺得困倦 Feel Fatigued Most of the Time 經常感到疲倦 Have a hard time falling asleep or can’t sleep (Insomnia) 難以入睡 （失眠症） Ever wake from sleep with a choking sound or gasping for breath 醒來時伴有窒息或者喘息的聲音 Snore loudly or think you stop breathing while you sleep 打鼾聲音很大 或者 你認為自己在睡眠中會停止呼吸

SCREENING FOR SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的檢測 A board certified sleep medicine physician can diagnose obstructive sleep apnea using either an： 被醫學機構認證的睡眠醫學醫師可以通過以下兩種方式診斷睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症： In-lab overnight sleep study 實驗室中進行的睡眠研究 You stay overnight at a sleep center with sensors hooked up to your body to record your brain waves, heartbeat, breathing and movement. 你會在睡眠醫學中心過夜，連接著你的傳感器會記錄下你的腦波，心跳，呼吸和活動。 Home sleep apnea test 家中進行的睡眠呼吸暫停試驗 You sleep at home with a small monitor that collects data as you sleep. Sleep center staff will show you how to hook up the testing equipment yourself. 測量會在家中進行， 睡覺時用小型監控搜集數據。睡眠醫學中心的 作人員會教你怎 樣連接檢測裝備

TREATMENT FOR SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的治療 CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) （持續性氣道內正壓治療） CPAP uses a steady stream of air to gently keep your airway open throughout the night so you are able to breathe. You sleep with a mask with a hose that is attached to a machine kept at the bedside. CPAP 利用穩定流動的空氣，溫和的使氣管在睡覺時保持通暢。你睡覺時 會戴上一個面具，面具通過軟管連接著床邊的機器。 Oral Appliance Therapy 口腔矯正器治療 A dentist fits you with a device that looks like a sports mouth guard fits in your mouth over your teeth while you sleep. It prevents the airway from collapsing by holding the tongue in position or by sliding your jaw forward so that you can breathe when you are asleep. 牙醫會為你戴上一個像運動護齒器的矯正器，在睡覺時套住牙齒。它會讓 舌頭在適當的位置，或者讓下巴向前，從而防止睡覺時氣管被阻塞。

TREATMENT FOR SLEEP APNEA 睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症的治療 Surgery （手術） The most common surgical options reduce or eliminate the extra tissue in your throat that collapses and blocks your airway during sleep. More complex procedures can adjust your bone structures including the jaw, nose and facial bones. 最常見的手術是減少或消除在喉嚨裡多餘的脂肪。這些脂肪在你睡覺時會阻塞 氣管。更複雜的手術過程包括調整頜骨，鼻骨和面部的骨骼結構 Positional Therapy （體位治療） You wear a special device around your waist or back to keep you sleeping in the side position and not on your back. Another option is a small device worn on the back of the neck, that gently vibrates when you start to sleep on your back. Without waking you up, the vibration alerts your body to change positions. 你會在手腕上或背部戴上一個特殊的儀器，可以幫助你在睡覺時保持側臥，而 不是平躺。或者在後頸部戴上另外一種小型儀器。當你平躺時，它會通過震動 讓你改變睡覺姿勢，震動不會讓你在睡眠中醒來。 Lifestyle Changes （改變生活習慣） These include weight loss, quitting smoking or not drinking alcohol. 包括 健身，不再吸菸和喝酒