obstacles 1 Obstacles to orientation but not measuring

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 1 Obstacles to orientation but not measuring ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ 1 -We choose two help points ( C and D ) between A and B 2 - by Orientation A, C, D on one straightness 3 - We repeat the step 2 for C, D, B 4 - We repeat the previous steps to get one straightness for ( A, B, C, D ) C A D B

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 2 Obstacles to measuring but not orientation ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ A-The possibility of measuring around the obstacle ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ F 1 - Direct method - We choose tow point on the AB ( C and D) - From point C we erect the offset CE on AB - From point D we erect the offset DF on AB and along CE - We joining between F and E - We measured AD , FE and CB A D E lake C AB = AD + FE + CB B

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 2 Obstacles to measuring but not orientation ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ A-The possibility of measuring around the obstacle ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ D 2 - Indirect method - We choose the point C on the AB - From point C we extend a line out than obstacle A E lake C - We choose the point D on the line - From point D we drop offset intersection with AB at E AB = AE + EC+ CB B

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 2 Obstacles to measuring but not orientation ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ A-Not possibility of measuring around the obstacle 1 - Indirect method ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ - We choose tow point on the AB (C and D) B River - From point C erect perpendicular on AB at suitable long D - From point D erect perpendicular on AB in which B , F and E on one straightness -measured the distance DF, DC, CA and CE - Compute BD by following mathematical relationships BC = BD + CD C F E A AB = BD + CD+ AC

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 2 Obstacles to measuring but not orientation A-Not possibility of measuring around the obstacle 1 - Direct method - We choose the point C on the AB - From point C erect perpendicular on AB at suitable distance and mid this distance at E - From point D erect perpendicular on CD in which B , E and F on one straightness BC will be equal to DF AB = BC + AC ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ B River D C A E F

ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ obstacles 3 ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎ Obstacles to measuring and orientation - We choose the point C on the AB D H - From point C erect the perpendicular (CD) on AB - From point B erect the perpendicular (BE) on AB and CD = EB - We extend ED to its integrity and choose the point F and H K - From point F we drop the offset FG along EB and CD - From point H we drop the offset HI along EB and CD - We extend GI to its integrity to K F I G E Building E + B G + F AK C + C A = B C I + I K A

Erecting and Dropping offsets Home Work ﺍﻷﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﺃﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﻘﺎﻁ