Objectives l 1 Identify the roles and responsibilities

Objectives l 1 Identify the roles and responsibilities of personnel in mental health care, including the jobs and job responsibilities of mental health aides and mental health technicians. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Objectives (cont. ) Compare the roles and responsibilities of licensed mental health care providers, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors. l Understand safety and legal issues related to the use of restraints. l Successfully complete 3 mental health procedures. l 2 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

World Health Organization (WHO) International organization concerned with the health of the world population l Definition of Health “Health is not merely the absence of disease but total physical, social, and psychological health” l Wholistic Health l – 3 Treating the whole person Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Careers in Mental Health 16 -1 The Mental Health Aide l The Mental Health Technician l The Social Worker l The Counselor l The Psychologist l The Psychiatrist l 4 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Mental Health Aide l Job Responsibilities – 5 provide assistance with everyday activities

The Mental Health Aide In general, high school diploma needed l Certification as a

The Mental Health Technician l Job Responsibilities – – – 7 – Provide direct patient care by changing dressings, taking vital signs, turning and moving patients and helping patients bathe, groom and eat. observe and record behavior presenting findings to the team lead educational and recreational activities accompany clients to and from examinations, treatments may lead small groups Assist in giving medications Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Mental Health Technician Also known as a psychiatric technician. Work under the direct supervision of a psychiatrist or psychologist l Training may be a 2 year degree at a Career and Technical Center or College l 8 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Social Worker Minimum of a bachelor’s degree for entry into the field l

Job Description l 10 Aid people who have difficulty coping with various problems by helping them make adjustments in their lives and /or by referring them to community resources for assistance Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Social Worker – – 11 Help clients solve personal and family problems. Work with clients who have social problems ie: housing, unemployment, lack of job skills, financial distress may help clients living in inappropriate conditions. Perform direct counseling Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Social Worker – – 12 Assist clients in finding effective solutions and community resources, refer clients to specialists, emotional support, arrange adoptions, foster care May help resolve abusive situations such as spousal or child abuse. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Social Worker (cont. ) l Job Responsibilities (cont. ) – – 13 Provide emotional support during crisis. Evaluate individuals in the criminal justice system and perform pre-sentencing assessments. Make recommendations to courts regarding clients. Arrange adoptions and foster homes. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Counselor 14 l Someone who gives advice about problems l Nearly two-thirds have

The Counselor (cont. ) l Types – – – 15 School and college counselors Rehabilitation counselors work with clients who may have social and/or vocational disabilities. Mental health counselors may work with clients dealing with addictions, substance abuse, thoughts of suicide, stress, and self -esteem problems. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Counselor (cont. ) – – – 16 Assist clients with common social and behavioral problems. Offer drug and alcohol prevention programs. Assist clients in anger management. Identify and intervene in abuse situations. Help clients overcome the effects of disabilities. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Psychologist Most work in clinical area; others work in research. l May also be consultants. l Four years of education l with postgraduate work leading to a doctorate degree 17 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Psychologist l 18 It is better to have a master’s in psychology than

The Psychologist (cont. ) l Job Responsibilities – – 19 study the human behavior and the mind help mentally and/or emotionally disturbed clients design and plans to deal with ADLs help clients adjust to life changes work through personal crisis. Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Psychiatrist l l l 20 A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in mental health. A medical Doctor… 4 years of undergraduate 4 years of medical school Internship of 3 -8 years of residency and internship Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

The Psychiatrist (cont. ) l Job Responsibilities – – – 21 Medical doctor who heads up a mental health team In charge of assessment, diagnosis of the client. Oversees plan of care Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Psychiatrist vs. Psychologist l Psychiatrist – l Psychologist – – 22 Medical doctor Not a medical doctor Education to bachelor’s, master’s or doctorate Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Mental Health Procedures 16 -2 l l l 23 Physical Restraints Chemical Restraints Reality

Physical Restraints l l l 24 Must be ordered by a physician and must never be used as punishment. All other methods of ensuring the client’s safety must be assessed and eliminated prior to using restraints. If used inappropriately considered “false imprisonment” Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Chemical Restraints l l l 25 Chemical restraints should not be used unless the client presents a clear and present danger that cannot be treated through other means. A physician must prescribe the medication. The 5 patient rights for medication must be followed and reviewed 3 times. Positively identify the client. Make sure the client has taken all the medication. Chapter 16 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Reality Orientation l Reality orientation is helping the client to become aware of his or her surroundings, the date and time, and other information about his or her present situation. TODAY IS: Monday, March 31 THE WEATHER IS: Sunny and Warm ACTIVITIES: Group Mtg. 2: 00 pm in dining room An orientation board may be posted in the client’s room. 26 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Types of Mental Disorders l Depression – l Obsessive-compulsive behavior – 27 a mental state characterized by a sense of inadequacy, sadness, and a lack of activity an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and feelings and repetitive, ritualized behaviors Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

Types of Mental Disorders l Panic disorder – 28 an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

l Paranoid disorder – l Phobias – 29 a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

l Post-traumatic stress disorder – 30 any condition that develops following some stressful situation or event; such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, withdrawal or lack of concentration Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

l Bipolar disorder (manic / depressive) – 31 presence of episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania… mixed with episodes of severe depression Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

l Schizophrenia – – 32 several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact Hallucinations… see and hear things that are not real Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16

l Self-mutilation – 33 deliberate infliction of tissue damage or alteration to oneself without

l Anorexia – l Bulemia – 34 Irrational fear of becoming fat if person eats eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by defensive vomiting, sometimes called purging; fasting, the use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, and over exercising Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 16