OBJECTIVES Identify the parts of speech Determine the
OBJECTIVES • Identify the parts of speech • Determine the part of speech by analyzing the use of those words in sentences. (All English-Speaking people should understand the basic components of their language. )
Noun: a word used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea EXAMPLES Persons: architect Places: restaurant travelers islands family wilderness Tiger Woods (proper) New Orleans (proper) Ideas: education beliefs ambition Utopianism (proper) In addition, nouns may be COMMON and PROPER, CONCRETE and ABSTRACT, COLLECTIVE, and COMPOUND
Noun Break down • Common: any person place or thing. family • Proper: it will always be capitalized and it is a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Tiger Woods • Concrete: nouns that are tangible (tree) • Abstract: nouns that express an idea or an emotion (love) • Collective: nouns that are referring to a group of people as Ex: Committee, Jury, team, squad…
Pronoun: word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun TYPES OF PRONOUNS Personal Pronouns (refers to person speaking, spoken to, or spoken about) First Person: I, me, my, mine, we, us, ours Second Person: you, yours Third Person: he, him, his, she, hers, its, they, them, theirs Reflexive (refers to subject) and Intensive (emphasizes) First Person: myself, ourselves Second Person: yourself, yourselves Third Person: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Demonstrative Pronouns (point out) this that these those Interrogative Pronouns (introduce questions) Who, whom , which, what, whose Relative Pronouns (introduce subordinate clauses) That, which, whom , whose Indefinite Pronouns (refers to person, place, or thing not specifically named) All, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, Everybody, everyone, everything , few , many, more , most, much, Neither, nobody, none , nothing, one, other, several some , somebody, someone, something , such
Adjective: word used to modify a noun or a pronoun Tells what kind? Which one? How many? How much? What kind? Which one? How many? How much? Blue shoes Those cars Ten boxes Less time Large animals This street Several books Some water Most frequent adjectives are the articles: a, an, the
Adverb: word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Tells How? When? Where? To what extent? (Adverbs usually end in ly) How? when rapidly often accurately nightly where there To what extent rarely very
Verb: word used to express action or a state of being TYPES OF VERBS Action Verb (expresses physical or mental activity) Transitive Verb (takes an object – a word that tells who or what receives the action) Intransitive Verb (does not take an object)
Linking Verbs: connects the subject with a word that identifies or describes it (sometimes called state-of-being verbs) COMMONLY USED LINKING VERBS am, is, are, was, were, been, being be, can be, may be, might be, must be, shall be will be, could be, should be, would be, has been, have been had been, shall have been, will have been, could have been, should have been, would have been appear grow seem stay become look smell taste feel remain sound turn
The Verb Phrase: consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb (auxiliary verb) COMMONLY USED HELPING VERBS Forms of Be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being Forms of Have: has, have, having, had Forms of Do: do, does, doing, did Others: may, might, must can, could shall, should will, would
Preposition: word used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence A preposition always introduces a phrase. The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the object of The preposition. EXAMPLES The playful puppy ran beside me. The playful puppy ran toward me. The playful puppy ran around me. The playful puppy ran past me.
COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS About, beneath, in, through Above, beside, inside, throughout Across, besides, into, to After, between, like, toward Against, beyond, near, under Along, but (meaning of underneath Among “except”) off until Around, by, on, unto As, down, out, up At, during, , outside, upon Before, except, over, with Behind, for, past, within Below, from, since, without PREPOSITION: We drove around the parking lot. ADVERB: We drove around for a while. COMMONLY USED COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS According to, because of, in spite of Along with, by means of, instead of Apart from, in addition to, next to, Aside from, in front of, on account of, As of, in place of, out of
Conjunction: word used to join words or groups of words TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating Conjunctions (connects words or groups of words used in the same way) And, but, for, nor, so, yet We found a bat and a glove. Will Rogers once claimed, “My forefathers didn’t come over on the Mayflower, but they met the boat. ” Correlative Conjunctions (pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way) both. . . and not only. . . but (also) either. . . or whether. . . or neither. . . nor Both athletes and singers must train for long hours. (connects two words) Either your fuel line is clogged, or your carburetor needs adjusting. (connects two sentences)
Subordinating Conjunctions (begins a subordinate clause and connects it to an independent clause) COMMONLY USED SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS After because since when Although before so that whenever As even though than where As if how that wherever As much as if though whether As though in order that unless while As well as provided until why We arrived late because our train was delayed. Sherlock Holmes listened quietly while Dr. Watson explained his theory. Notice: When the subordinate conjunction and clause begins the sentence, it must be set off with a comma (like this sentence). While Dr. Watson explained his theory, Sherlock Holmes listened quietly.
Interjection: word used to express emotion It has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence. It is set off from the rest of the sentence with an exclamation point (for strong emotion) or with a comma (for mild emotion). EXAMPLES Ah Hey Ouch Whew Yikes Oh Well Wow Ouch! That hurts! Well, I think you should apologize to me.
Identify these parts: noun, pronoun, and adjective, adverb with word modified. My aunt Laurette is just about the nicest (1. )grown-up (2. ) that I know. NOUN PRONOUN I do (3. ) not get to see her (4. ) very often because she (5. ) works in Chicago, ADVERB: do get ADVERB: often VERB but when she comes (6. ) home to visit, I’m in heaven. (7. ) What do I like about her? ADVERB: comes PRONOUN For one thing, we share (8. ) many of the same interests. Both of us play the PRONOUN piano, (9. ) sew our clothes, and love to make (10. ) puns. She is also a VERB NOUN sympathetic listener and lets me tell about (11. ) myself without interrupting PRONOUN or criticizing me. Laurette shares (12. ) her own (13. ) career stories with me, and PRONOUN ADJECTIVE: stories sometimes she even asks me for (14. ) some advice. A day with Laurette (15. ) is ADJECTIVE: advice VERB sometimes silly and sometimes (16. ) serious, but it’s always a delight. As you ADJECTIVE: day (Predicate Adjective) can see in (17. ) this picture of the two of us at the park, I always feel relaxed ADJECTIVE: picture with Laurette. She’s living proof that a person (18. ) can go through adolescence VERB and (19. ) still emerge as a happy, (20. ) highly competent adult! ADVERB: emerge ADVERB: competent
Find these parts of the sentence: Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type) 1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons. 1. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted, but it was a revolutionary concept at that time. 1. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts, a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically made piece. 1. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers. 1. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost many workers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances.
Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type) 1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons. not only. . . but also =CORRELATIVE and = COORDINATING 1. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted, but it was a revolutionary concept at that time. COORDINATING 1. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts, a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically made piece. When = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING 1. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers. SUBORDINATING 1. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost many workers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances. Although = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING
Determining the part of speech of a word is determined by the way the word is used in a sentence. EXAMPLES The coach decided that the team needed more practice. The girls practice every Saturday afternoon. They will have a practice session after school on Wednesday. Noun Verb Adjective Winston-Salem, North Carolina, is the home of the talented Writer Maya Angelou. The last home game will be played tomorrow night. We decided to stay home. Noun Celine has won the citizenship award before. The two candidates debated each other before the election. Read the directions before you begin answering the questions. Adjective Adverb Preposition Conjunction (SUBORDINATING)
Identify the following parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj) Suddenly the radio announcer broke in on the (1. ) musical selection. “A (2. ) funnel cloud (3. ) has been sighted. (4. ) All people should take immediate (5. ) precautions!” (6. ) Those were the (7. ) last words Denise Moore heard (8. ) before the electricity went off and the (9. ) terrible roar came closer. (10. ) She and her two children (11. ) ran to the basement (12. ) quickly. When they (13. ) emerged forty-five minutes later, (14. ) they weren’t sure what they might see. (15. ) Oh, the terrible wind had (16. ) truly performed freakish tricks! It had driven a fork (17. ) into a brick up to the handle. It had sucked the (18. ) wallpaper from a living room wall (19. ) but had left the picture hanging (20. ) there intact. It (21. ) had driven a blade of grass into the (22. ) back of Denise Moore’s neighbor. Nevertheless, the citizens of the (23. ) town considered (24. ) themselves lucky because (25. ) no one had been killed. 1. Adj 2. Adj 3. V 4. Adj 5. N 6. Pron 7. Adj 8. Conj 9. Adj 10. Pron 11. V 12. Adv 13. V 14. Pron 15. Interj 16. Adv 17. Prep 18. N 19. Conj 20. Adv 21. V 22. N 23. N 24. Pron 25. Pron
Identify the following parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj) 1. Hey, nobody who goes to the movies fairly often can fail to notice Interj Pron Adv this exciting trend! Adj 1. In 1991 alone, nineteen feature films directed by African Americans Adj Prep were released. V 1. Whether you know it or not, that’s more than there were in the whole previous decade. Conj Adj 4. The success of Spike Lee’s films, which include the blockbuster Do the Pron Right Thing, inspired other young black directors to create their own movies about the black experience. Prep Pron 5. The absorbing stories and real-life settings of these films attract many V
thousands of moviegoers, not just African Americans. N 1. Who are some of the black directors building their careers in Hollywood Pron Adj nowadays? Adv 1. Rising stars include Charles Lane, Mario Van Peebles, John Singleton, Bill NV Duke, and Matty Rich. N 1. Their success helps create job opportunities for all types of black film Adj workers, including hairdressers, actors, stuntpersons, cinematographers, N and sound technicians. 1. For example, the crew that worked along with John Singleton on his 1991 Pron Prep film Boyz N the Hood was 90 percent black! Adj 1. After you’ve read these facts, maybe you’ll watch the movie listings in your Conj V local newspaper for some upcoming films from young black directors. Adj
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