Objectives Identify the following 13 2 l Methods

Objectives Identify the following: 13 -2 l Methods for denying pests access to an operation l Methods for denying pests food and shelter l Signs of pest infestation and activity l How to correctly store pesticides l How to select a pest control operator (PCO)

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programs An IPM program: 13 -3 l Uses prevention measures to keep pests from entering the operation l Uses control measures to eliminate any pests that get inside l Will be successful if you work closely with a licensed pest control operator (PCO)

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programs Basic rules of an IPM program: 1. Deny pests access to the operation. 2. Deny pests food, water, and shelter. 3. Work with a licensed pest control operator (PCO). 13 -4

Deny Pests Access To prevent pests from entering with deliveries: 13 -5 l Use approved, reputable suppliers. l Check all deliveries before they enter your operation. l Refuse shipments that have pests or signs of pests.

Deny Pests Access To prevent pests from entering through doors, windows, and vents: l Screen all windows and vents. l Install self-closing devices and door sweeps on all doors. l Repair gaps and cracks in door frames and thresholds. o 13 -6 Use weather stripping on the bottoms of doors that don’t have thresholds. l Install air curtains above or alongside doors. l Keep all exterior openings tightly closed.

Deny Pests Access To prevent pests from entering through pipes: 13 -7 l Use concrete to fill holes or sheet metal to cover openings around pipes. l Install screens over ventilation pipes and ducts on the roof. l Cover floor drains with hinged grates to keep out rodents.

Deny Pests Access To prevent pests from entering through floors and walls: l Seal all cracks in floors and walls. o l Seal spaces or cracks where stationary equipment is fitted to the floor. o 13 -8 Use a permanent sealant recommended by your PCO or regulatory authority. Use an approved sealant or concrete, depending on the size of the spaces.

Deny Food and Shelter Deny pests food and shelter in garbage: 13 -9 l Throw out garbage quickly and correctly. l Maintain garbage containers and storage areas. o Keep containers clean and in good condition. o Keep outdoor containers tightly covered. o Clean up spills around containers immediately.

Deny Food and Shelter Deny pests food and shelter in recyclables: 13 -10 l Store recyclables correctly. l Keep recyclables in clean, pest-proof containers. l Keep containers as far away from the building as regulations allow.

Deny Food and Shelter Deny pests food and shelter through good storage practices: 13 -11 l Store food and supplies quickly and correctly. l Keep them away from walls and at least six inches (15 cm) off the floor. l Rotate products (FIFO) so pests cannot settle and breed.

Deny Food and Shelter Deny pests food and shelter through good cleaning practices: 13 -12 l Clean up food and beverage spills immediately. l Clean toilets and restrooms as often as needed. l Train staff to keep lockers and break areas clean l Keep cleaning tools and supplies clean and dry. l Store wet mops on hooks rather than on the floor. l Empty water from buckets to keep from attracting rodents. .

Deny Food and Shelter Deny pests food and shelter on the grounds and in outdoor dining areas: l Maintain the grounds. o 13 -13 Mow the grass, pull weeds, get rid of standing water, and pick up litter. l Cover all outdoor garbage containers. l Remove uneaten food and dirty dishes from tables. l Clean spills as quickly as possible. l Do not feed birds or wildlife. l Install electronic insect eliminators, or zappers, away from food, customers, staff, and serving areas. l Call your PCO to remove hives and nests.

Identifying Pests Flies: 13 -14 l Feed on garbage and waste l Can spread pathogens such as Shigella spp.

Identifying Pests Cockroaches: l Often carry pathogens l Live and breed in places that are: l 13 -15 o Dark o Warm o Moist o Hard to clean If you see them in daylight, you may have a major infestation

Identifying Pests Signs of a cockroach infestation include: 13 -16 l Strong, oily odor l Droppings (feces) that look like grains of black pepper l Capsule shaped egg cases o Brown, dark red, or black o Leathery, smooth, or shiny

Identifying Pests Rodents: l l l 13 -17 Urinate and defecate as they move around Hide during the day Stay close to their nests Can squeeze through small holes, jump, and climb Have keen senses of hearing, touch, and smell Know how to avoid bait and some traps Illustration courtesy of Orkin Commercial

Identifying Pests Signs of a rodent infestation include: l l Gnaw marks Droppings o o l l l Urine stains Dirt tracks along walls Nests o o 13 -18 Shiny and black (fresh) Gray (old) Cloth, hair, feathers, grass, scraps of paper Usually in holes in quiet places Often near food and water May be next to buildings

Working with a Pest Control Operator (PCO) Rely on your PCO to do the following: 13 -19 l Develop an integrated approach to pest management. l Stay current on new equipment and products. l Provide prompt service to address problems as they occur. l Keep records of all steps taken to prevent and control pests.

Working with a Pest Control Operator (PCO) Before choosing a PCO: 13 -20 l Check references. l Make sure the PCO is licensed if required by your state. l Require a written contract outlining work to be performed, which typically includes the following. o Description of services to be provided o Period of service o Your duties, including preventive measures and facility preparation before and after treatment o Records to be kept by the PCO

Treatment for Pests The PCO will inspect the facility: 13 -21 l Give complete access to the building. l Prepare staff to answer the PCO’s questions. l Provide building plans and equipment layouts. l Point out possible trouble spots.

Treatment for Pests The treatment plan should include: l Treatments used for each area or problem and the potential risks l Dates and times of each treatment o 13 -22 Staff should not be on-site during the treatment l Steps you can take to control pests l Building defects that hinder prevention and control l Timing of follow-up visits

Treatment for Pests Control measures should be: 13 -23 l Environmentally sound l Safe for operations l Effective for the pests in your area

Using and Storing Pesticides Reasons to NOT buy and apply pesticides yourself: 13 -24 l Pesticides may not work or may be harmful if applied incorrectly. l Pests can develop resistance and immunity to pesticides. l Control measures may vary by region. l Some pesticides are not approved for use in restaurants or foodservice operations.

Using and Storing Pesticides When pesticides will be applied: 13 -25 l Wait until you are closed for business and staff are not on-site. l Remove food and movable foodcontact surfaces. l Cover equipment and food-contact surfaces that can’t be moved. l Wash, rinse, and sanitize foodcontact surfaces after an area has been sprayed. l Have a safety data sheet (SDS) for any pesticide that is used or stored on the premises.

Using and Storing Pesticides If pesticides will be stored on the premises: l Keep them in their original containers. l Store them in a secure location away from food, utensils, and equipment. To dispose of pesticides: 13 -26 l Check local regulations. l Follow manufacturers’ directions and regulatory requirements to dispose of empty containers.