Objectives Explain the structure and function of o

Objectives ●Explain the structure and function of: o. Carbohydrates o. Lipids o. Proteins o. Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules ●Large complex molecules in cells ●Formed from repeating subunits ●Most biomolecules contain carbon

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates ●Carbohydrates o Small repeating subunit is sugar o Several sugars bonded together make carbohydrate o Sugars, starches, fiber

Carbohydrates ● 1 sugar by itself = o. Monosaccharide § Mono = 1 § Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates ●Take 1 sugar bond to another sugar… o 2 sugars = § Disaccharide § Di = 2 § Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates ●Disaccharides: o. Sucrose § Table Sugar o. Lactose § Milk

Carbohydrates ●Take 3 or more sugars bonded together… o 3 or more sugars = § Polysaccharide § Poly = Many § Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates ●Polysaccharides: o. Starch § Hundreds of glucose molecules o. Glycogen § Many glucose molecules Many branches

Carbohydrates ●What do we use carbohydrates for? o. Energy o. Structural Support o. Cell Recognition

Carbohydrates Hydrogen Bonds ● Chitin ● Found in the shells of crabs, lobsters and Insects ● Cellulose ● Cell walls of plants ● Strong enough to Hold plants upright

Lipids ●Definition: o. A fat molecule that has similar properties o. Includes: § Fats § Phospholipids § Steroids § Waxes

Lipids ●Structure o. Chains of Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen o. Typical subunit of lipids is a fatty acid o. This structure makes it repel water

Lipids What do we use lipids for? Energy Stores Water Barriers

Proteins ●Subunit is amino acids ●Chains of amino acids twist and fold ●What do we use proteins for? o. Structure and support o. Movement and transportation o. Chemical reactions

Proteins ●Repeating subunit o. Amino acids o 20 different amino acids found in proteins

Proteins ●Primary Structure The specific list of amino acids present ●Secondary Structure The list twists and folds

Proteins ●Tertiary Structure The twists and folds, twist and fold again ●Quaternary Structure 2 or more protein chains bond together

Nucleic Acids ●Long chain of nucleotides ●Nucleotide (subunit) o. Molecule made up of: § Sugar § Base § Phosphate group

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acids ●DNA – Deoxyribo. Nucleic Acid o. Sugar = deoxyribose o. String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose ●RNA – Ribo. Nucleic Acid o. Sugar = Ribose o. String of nucleotides made of ribose

Nucleic Acid ●Nucleic Acids store and transmit genetic information ●Genetic Code in DNA… o. Depends on the specific order of bases in the nucleotides o. Sugar, Base, Phosphate o. Two strands held together by Hydrogen Bonds

Nucleic Acids ●ATP o. Adenosine Tri. Phosphate o 3 phosphate groups o. By breaking off the 3 rd phosphate group energy is released

ATP