Objectives Explain the structure and function of o
Objectives ●Explain the structure and function of: o. Carbohydrates o. Lipids o. Proteins o. Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules ●Large complex molecules in cells ●Formed from repeating subunits ●Most biomolecules contain carbon
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates ●Carbohydrates o Small repeating subunit is sugar o Several sugars bonded together make carbohydrate o Sugars, starches, fiber
Carbohydrates ● 1 sugar by itself = o. Monosaccharide § Mono = 1 § Saccharide = sugar
Carbohydrates ●Take 1 sugar bond to another sugar… o 2 sugars = § Disaccharide § Di = 2 § Saccharide = sugar
Carbohydrates ●Disaccharides: o. Sucrose § Table Sugar o. Lactose § Milk
Carbohydrates ●Take 3 or more sugars bonded together… o 3 or more sugars = § Polysaccharide § Poly = Many § Saccharide = sugar
Carbohydrates ●Polysaccharides: o. Starch § Hundreds of glucose molecules o. Glycogen § Many glucose molecules Many branches
Carbohydrates ●What do we use carbohydrates for? o. Energy o. Structural Support o. Cell Recognition
Carbohydrates Hydrogen Bonds ● Chitin ● Found in the shells of crabs, lobsters and Insects ● Cellulose ● Cell walls of plants ● Strong enough to Hold plants upright
Lipids ●Definition: o. A fat molecule that has similar properties o. Includes: § Fats § Phospholipids § Steroids § Waxes
Lipids ●Structure o. Chains of Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen o. Typical subunit of lipids is a fatty acid o. This structure makes it repel water
Lipids What do we use lipids for? Energy Stores Water Barriers
Proteins ●Subunit is amino acids ●Chains of amino acids twist and fold ●What do we use proteins for? o. Structure and support o. Movement and transportation o. Chemical reactions
Proteins ●Repeating subunit o. Amino acids o 20 different amino acids found in proteins
Proteins ●Primary Structure The specific list of amino acids present ●Secondary Structure The list twists and folds
Proteins ●Tertiary Structure The twists and folds, twist and fold again ●Quaternary Structure 2 or more protein chains bond together
Nucleic Acids ●Long chain of nucleotides ●Nucleotide (subunit) o. Molecule made up of: § Sugar § Base § Phosphate group
Nucleotide
Nucleic Acids ●DNA – Deoxyribo. Nucleic Acid o. Sugar = deoxyribose o. String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose ●RNA – Ribo. Nucleic Acid o. Sugar = Ribose o. String of nucleotides made of ribose
Nucleic Acid ●Nucleic Acids store and transmit genetic information ●Genetic Code in DNA… o. Depends on the specific order of bases in the nucleotides o. Sugar, Base, Phosphate o. Two strands held together by Hydrogen Bonds
Nucleic Acids ●ATP o. Adenosine Tri. Phosphate o 3 phosphate groups o. By breaking off the 3 rd phosphate group energy is released
ATP
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