Objectives Content Interpret a map on the Marshall

Objectives • Content: Interpret a map on the Marshall Plan and rank the top two countries who received aid. • Learning: List 5 rights guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Cold War Post WWII and the 1950’s

Rebuilding After WWII • United States wanted to prevent economic and political instability in Europe. • Marshall Plan – George C. Marshall’s plan to provide Europe with massive economic aid ($) to help rebuild their economies and to prevent the spread of Communism (Containment)

Post War Germany • Germany was partitioned into West and East Germany – West Germany became Democratic and returned to selfrule after occupation. – East Germany became Communist and stayed under Soviet control.

Post War Japan • America stayed in Japan for 7 years to re-build • Japan was demilitarized, adopted a democratic government, and returned to self-rule • Japan soon became an ally of the United States

United Nations • Formed near the end of WWII to prevent future global wars • First United Nations (UN) meeting in 1946 in California – 50 nations attended and agreed to settle disputes peacefully • Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

U. S. Economy • Switched from making war materials to consumer goods • The economy was strong – Increased demand for American products – Healthy job market – Increased productivity • Increase in buying on credit

U. S. Workforce • Men were able to return to work since economy was booming • Most women returned to caring for the home and children full time. • Labor Unions became more powerful – Workers gain more benefits – Higher salaries

Life in Post WWII USA Baby Boom • There was an explosion of baby births following WWII. • 1946 -1964 – 79 million babies were born

Life in Post WWII USA G. I. Bill of Rights • Gave educational, housing, and employment benefits to WWII veterans.

Life in Post WWII USA Women’s Role • Over time, expect women balance household, children, and a job. • Because of prosperity, the next generation of women entered workforce in large numbers

Technology in the USA • Explosion of technology • The airline industry grew with the use of the Jet engine • Eisenhower created the interstate highway system http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ggt. H 05 LFF 3 k

Objectives • Content: – Analyze a political cartoon from the Cold War and determine its message. – Compare the Butter Battle Book and the Cold War and explain its symbolism. • Learning: – List the characteristics of the two superpowers.

Origins of the Cold War U. S. A. VS. U. S. S. R.

Cold War • The state of tension and intimidation between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. • There was no actual fighting, but the rest of the world took sides.

Two Superpowers United States • Democracy – government where supreme power rests with the people. • Capitalism – private ownership of goods.

Two Superpowers Soviet Union (U. S. S. R. ) • Dictatorship – absolute power in the hands of one person • Communism – all people own equally

U. S. Policy • During the Cold War, the United States pledged to help any country threatened by Communism. – Containment - to stop the spread of Communism

Superpower Competition • Competition took place between the two superpowers (U. S. and U. S. S. R. ) in many areas. – Influence – Weapons – Technology

Influence • After WWII, the U. S. S. R. dominated Eastern European countries and forced them to accept Communism/ Dictatorship. • The U. S. used money to influence countries in Western Europe to be Capitalist/Democratic.

“ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent” -Winston Churchill, 1946

Weapons • Arms Race competition for military supremacy (nuclear weapons) • Both sides want the most powerful weapons and the largest number of them. Duck and Cover Instructional Video

What is the political cartoon trying to tell people about the Cold War?

Technology • Space Race - competition for space exploration • Soviets launched first satellite into space (Sputnik) • U. S. was first to land on the moon http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o. Dt. Wn. CSs. BSQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Berlin • First serious Cold War conflict • Blockade • Soviet Union blocked cars and trains in and out of West Berlin. This was an attempt to rid West Berlin of Democracy • Airlift • U. S. responded by airlifting food and supplies to the people of West Berlin

Berlin Wall: built by Soviets in 1961 and stood until November 1989 to keep the two sides separate. http: //youtu. be/C 5 FR_cu. Qsrc

Objectives • Content: • Learning:

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact • U. S. and other free countries signed an agreement called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – Promise to defend each other against an attack by a Communist nation (“to attack one is to attack all”) • In response to NATO, Communist countries signed a similar agreement called the Warsaw Pact. – The U. S. S. R. was the leader

U. S. At Home: The Red Scare • Red = Communism • Senator Joe Mc. Carthy began a Communist witch hunt in the early 1950’s. He identified US citizens he believed to be supporters of Communism. (Mc. Carthyism) • Thousands of people were accused of espionage (spying), ruining their lives and careers. http: //youtu. be/X_u. Tb. Vf. Dtg. I

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for the Soviets and were executed

Korean War 1950 -1953 • After WWII Korea was divided between Soviet controlled North and U. S. controlled South.

Korean War 1950 -1953 • The U. S. sent troops to help South Korea resist the spread of Communism from North Korea and China.

Korean War 1950 -1953 • The war eventually ended in a stalemate • The dividing line between North and South Korea is almost in the same position as pre war.

Communism

Communism takes Cuba (remember Cuba is 90 miles from Florida coast!) • Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) – was a failed US sponsored invasion of Cuba to take down the Communist government led by Fidel Castro, he took over in 1959 • Cuban Missile Crises (1962) – “The closest the world ever came to nuclear war” was a confrontation between US and USSR over Soviet nuclear missiles placed in Cuba. President Kennedy ordered a Naval blockade of Cuba.

• More Cuban Missile crisis – Us agreed to never again invade Cuba and the Soviets agreed to remove all nuclear weapons from Cuba The Crisis ends

April 26, 1986 Chernobyl Disaster (27 years ago)

Vietnam War 1955 -1975 • By 1965 US was actively fighting with the South Vietnamese to stop the spread of Communism • Remember the Domino Theory: If one country falls to Communism, all the surrounding countries are at risk to fall too!

Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem

Rise of Anti-war protestors http: //www. besthistorysites. net/index. php/american-history/1900/vietnam

Kent State Massacre May 1970

The photo that haunted the country

War ends in Vietnam • Americans were sharply divided over our involvement in the war • The war finally ended with a cease fire agreement and the U. S. troops withdrew in 1973 • By 1975 North Vietnam took Saigon and South Vietnam surrendered

Vietnam Wall dedicated in 1982

1980 at the Height of Communism

The end of the Cold War

1987 - U. S. President Ronald Reagan tells Mr. Gorbachev to “Tear down this wall” • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yt. Ydjbp. Bk 6 A&feature=related&safety_mode=true &persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

The end of the Cold War Cont. • November 1989 – Collapse of the Berlin Wall • By December 25 th, 1991 the Communist government of the USSR Collapses, creating 15 different countries. The final leader of the USSR was Mikhail Gorbachev • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wn. YXb. J_bc. Lc&feature=related

Communist countries today (5) Cuba, China, Laos, Vietnam & North Korea