Objectives 1 To describe general fish anatomy 2

Objectives 1. To describe general fish anatomy 2. To identify common saltwater and freshwater fishes 2

Information • More than 20, 000 species of fish exist in the world • Two main categories of fish – cartilaginous fish (i. e. , sharks, rays, skates) – bony fish include 95 percent of all known species 3

Habitat • Marine fish inhabit saltwater; 58 percent of fish species are marine • Three types of marine fish – littoral fish inhabit the water along land masses; 78 percent of all marine fish – reef fish live in or near reefs, coral banks or similar areas (i. e. , oil rigs, ship wrecks) – pelagic fish live in open waters 4

Littoral Habitat • Estuaries are water passages where the tide meets a river current, a mix of saltwater and freshwater • Beaches • Mudflats are broad, level areas of shoreline where soil particles are deposited • Salt marshes are subject of ocean flooding 5

Reef Habitat • Natural reefs • Artificial reefs – purposeful • intentional submergence of things to be used for reef habitat – accidental • oil rigs and shipwrecks 6

Freshwater Habitat • 41 percent of all fish species inhabit freshwater 7

Stream Habitat • A natural body of water flowing in a natural channel from higher elevation to lower elevation by the force of gravity 8

Lake Habitat • A body of fresh water 9

Reservoir Habitat • Have characteristics of both streams and lakes 10

Anatomy • • Posterior is the back end of the body Anterior is the front end of the body Dorsal is the back or upper surface Ventral is the under part or lower surface 11

Identification Factors to Consider • Shape of the body • Number, size and type of scales • Four scale types – placoid- sharks, skates and rays – ganoid- gars – cycloid- salmonidae fish – ctenoid- all other fish • Number of spines and rays in fins • Location of body parts • General internal anatomy 12

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Bothidae • Left eye Flounder • Includes 115 species – southern flounder – gulf flounder 13

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Scombridae • Mackerels and Tunas • Includes 49 species – wahoo – bluefin tuna – naked goby – blue tang 14

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Xiphiidae • Swordfish – lacks pelvic fins – rigid, high and short first dorsal fin – rigid, deeply forked tail – two anal fins – flattened, serrated and elongated upper jaw 15

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Rachycentridae • Cobia – short dorsal spines – outward projecting, lower jaw – flat head 16

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Sciaenidae • Drums • Includes 270 species – red drum – spotted seatrout – freshwater drum – black drum 17

Marine Fish (Saltwater) Istiophoridae • Bill fishes • Includes 11 species – blue marlin – sail fish 18

Freshwater Fish Centrarchidae • Sunfish • Includes 32 species – largemouth bass – spotted bass – smallmouth bass – guadalupe bass – white crappie – black crappie 19

Freshwater Fish Percichthyidae • Temperate Bass • Includes seven species – striped bass – white bass – yellow bass 20

Freshwater Fish Ictaluridae • Catfish • Includes 39 species – flathead catfish – channel catfish – blue catfish 21

Freshwater Fish Lepisosteidae • Gars • Includes five species – alligator gar – shortnose gar 22

Freshwater Fish Cyprinidae • Minnows • Common Carp • Grass Carp 23

Freshwater Fish Esocidae • Pikes • Includes five species – chain pickerel 24

Freshwater Fish Salmonidae • Trout • Includes 39 species – rainbow trout – brown trout 25

Freshwater Fish Percidae • Perches • Includes 130 species – walleye 26

Acknowledgements Production Coordinator Julie Boatright Graphic Designer Melody Rowell Technical Writer Jessica Odom V. P. of Brand Management Clayton Franklin © MMXIV CEV Multimedia, Ltd. Executive Producer Gordon W. Davis, Ph. D. 27