Objective To examine the construction of the Panama

Objective: To examine the construction of the Panama Canal.

Animation: How the Panama Canal Works Panama Canal Timelapse

Panama Canal • France, led by engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, began construction on the canal in 1881. • About $287, 000 had been spent and 20, 000 men had died, mostly of yellow fever and malaria, before the French gave up. Ferdinand de Lesseps

• President Theodore Roosevelt stated in a speech about the Panama Canal, "No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is as of such consequence to the American people. "

Colombia, 1822

• Colombia refused to grant the U. S. permission to complete the canal project. • Therefore, the U. S. encouraged the Panamanian people to revolt against Colombia.

• On November 3, 1903, Panama declared their independence from Colombia and allowed the U. S. to build the canal.

• U. S. workers first sprayed tons of insecticide across Panama in order to destroy the mosquito eggs in an attempt to limit cases of malaria and yellow fever.

1905 fumigation car eradicating the mosquitoes - Panama City

• Using mainly black workers from the West Indies, the U. S. finished the canal in 1914. • SHORTENED TRAVEL TIME BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC 1909 Arrival of SS. Ancon with 1500 laborers from Barbados at the Cristobal Port in Colon, Panama

The Panama Canal – Live Cameras Theodore Roosevelt at the construction site of the Panama Canal.

Objective: To examine the U. S. domination over Latin America. Do Now: 1) Which area on the map was possessed by the U. S. ? Puerto Rico 2) The U. S. military intervened in which Latin American nations? Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama

Monroe Doctrine WHAT WAS THE MONROE DOCTRINE?

PRESIDENT MONROE WARNED EUROPE TO STAY OUR OF THE AMERICAS 1823

Constable of the World

Policing Latin America Roosevelt Corollary: • claimed the right of the U. S. to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order • extension of the Monroe Doctrine • established by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1904 * The U. S. used the Roosevelt Corollary frequently, angering Latin American countries.

The Big Stick and the Caribbean Sea

Speak softly and carry a big stick

Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of encouraging Americans to invest in Latin America U. S. Global Investments & Investments in Latin America, 1914

Country Occupied Years Reasons Dominican 1916 - to control their finances, help Republic 1924 them pay their debts, and keep the peace Nicaragua 1912 - to restore order after a revolution 1933 and to protect U. S. businesses Haiti 1915 - to restore order after years of anarchy 1934 Honduras 1911 - to protect U. S. businesses during 1925 civil war

Troubles in Mexico • Mexico arrested several U. S. sailors in 1914 and Pres. Wilson sent the navy to occupy the Mexican state of Veracruz. "Formal raising of first flag of U. S. / Veracruz 2 P. M. April 27, 1914"

Generals Alvaro Obregon, Pancho Villa and John J. Pershing, Ft. Bliss, El Paso, Texas, Aug. 27, 1914.

• In 1916, Mexican Gen. Pancho Villa killed 18 Americans at the Santa Ysabel massacre and 17 Americans in Columbus, New Mexico.

• U. S. General John Pershing was sent to Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. • VILLA WAS ASSAINATED BY MEXICAN RIVALS IN 1923

• MORAL DIPLOMACY – PRESIDENT WILSON’S FOREIGN POLICY BASED ON MORAL PRINCIPLES, WHAT IS RIGHT OR WRONG