Objective To examine how the first humans migrated

Objective: To examine how the first humans migrated to America, the purpose of archaeology, and the culture of the Mound Builders.

The First Americans • Approximately 30, 000 years ago the earth experienced an Ice Age. • Ice Age – a period of time in which temperatures on earth were very cold, and North America was covered in glaciers. • Glaciers – large, slow moving sheets of ice Barne Glacier, Antarctica

- As the oceans froze, the ocean floor became uncovered and dry. - The first humans in North America crossed the land bridge. Land bridge (Berengia) – an area of land which humans crossed during the Ice Age on their way to North America from Asia.

Archaeology - the study of evidence left by early peoples Artifact – object made by humans and used by archaeologists to recreate a picture of the past. Cahokia Point. Bone Point. Triple Notch. Serrated Edge. Double Notch. L: 1. 5" L: 1. 25" L: 1. 75" L: 2" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co. , IL. Flint Shark Tooth Point. L: 1" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co. , IL.

The Missouri Heron Pipe. H: 5. 25" Made from red to brown banded slate. This well-known bird pipe was discovered in 1858 by a farmer named Amos Weiling while removing a tree stump on a farm in Mew Madrid County, Missouri. The heron is a common sight along the waterways in central and southern Missouri. The Dr. Bunch Frog Pipe. L: 8. 25". Made from fine green sandstone. This famous pipe was found in 1878 in a low mound on a river bluff near what is nows Bluffton, Yell County, Arkansas.

Mound Builders • The Mound Builders, including the Hopewell and Mississippian peoples, lived from about 3, 000 years ago to the 1700’s. • Early mounds were burial grounds for important leaders. Miamisburg, OH Adena people

Great Serpent Mound, Ohio

• The Mississippian people built the city of Cahokia in present-day Illinois.

• The largest mound of Cahokia was Monk’s Mound, which covered around 16 acres.

• The fence build around the city served as a calendar. • The posts of the fence were viewed from the top of Monk’s Mound. - shorter shadows meant the coming of spring - longer shadows meant the coming of autumn * This system allowed farmers to know which crops should be planted.

"Community Life" By Michael Hampshire Courtesy of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site Collinsville, Illinois