OBJECTIVE TLW use the Past Perfect Indicative Pluperfect

OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Past Perfect Indicative (Pluperfect) in order to express what one “had done” in the target language (español). 1. The Past Perfect Indicative, also known as the Pluperfect Tense, is used to express actions that one “had done. ” 2. “Perfect”, in foreign language terms, means that the auxiliary (helping/linking) verbs “have, has, had” are used in conjunction with a past participle verb. How to form the answers: 3 Parts Required PARTS 1 & 2: SUBJECT PRONOUN AND FORM OF HABER yo-había, tú-habías, él, ella Ud. -había, nosotros-habíamos, ellas, Uds. -habían (1 st person and 3 rd person sing. are the exact same) PART 3: Past Participle The past participle is formed by dropping the last two letters from the infinitive and adding either: -ar verbs: ado/ -er & -ir verbs: ido EJEMPLOS: 1. I had already eaten-Yo ya había comido. O Yo había comido todavía. 2. You all had not studied yet-Uds. no habían estudiado todavía. O Uds. ya no habían estudiado. 3. She had not cooked dinner. -Ella no había cocinado la cena. An L. Ford 4. We had not woken up yet. -Nosotros no nos habíamos despertado todavía. Production © 5. You (fam. ) had read it (the newspaper) yesterday-Tú lo habías leído ayer. (leer es irregular) 2020 APUNTES: PAST PERFECT INDICATIVE (PLUPERFECT) Pág: 1/3

OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Past Perfect Indicative (Pluperfect) in order to express what one “had done” in the target language (español). Ms. L. Ford, What about reflexive verbs and Object Pronouns? ? ? NEVER separate the auxilary verb haber from the past participle! Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns are ALWAYS placed IN FRONT OF THE VERB HABER. (Ver ejemplo 4) For NEGATIVE sentences, put the word ‘no’ BEFORE THE VERB HABER. With REFLEXIVE verb sentences, put the word no BEFORE THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. (Ver ejemplo 4) EJEMPLOS: Object Pronoun: I had given the gift to my mother. -Yo le había dado el regalo a mi madre. Reflexive Pronoun: I had put on makeup already. -Ya yo me había maquillado. He hadn’t brushed his teeth yet in 2 months. - Él no se había An L. Ford cepillado los dientes en dos Production © meses. 2020 APUNTES: PAST PERFECT INDICATIVE (PLUPERFECT) Pág: 2/3

OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Past Perfect Indicative (Pluperfect) in order to express what one “had done” in the target language (español). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. abrir-to open: abierto caer-to fall: caído creer-to believe: creído cubrir-to cover: cubierto decir-to say/to tell: dicho devolver-to return (item): devuelto 7. escribir-to write: escrito 8. freír-to fry: frito 9. hacer-to do/to make: hecho 10. leer-to read: leído (Ver ejemplo 5) 11. morir-to die: muerto 12. oír-to hear: oído 13. poner-to put/to place: puesto 14. reír-to laugh: reído 15. romper-to break: roto 16. sonreír-to smile: sonreído 17. traer-to bring: traído PLUPERFECT IRREGULARS: These irregulars can be used as either past participles (verbs) or adjectives. When used as an adjective, they have to agree with the modified noun in gender AND number. Ejemplos: (como verbo) I had already opened the letter -Yo ya había abierto la carta. O: Yo había abierto la carta ya. (como adjetivo) The opened letter. -La carta abierta. An L. Ford Production © 2020 APUNTES: PAST PERFECT INDICATIVE (PLUPERFECT) Pág: 3/3