Objective s 1 Define symbiosis 2 Identify types

Objective (s): 1. Define symbiosis 2. Identify types of symbiosis 3. Explain the effect of symbiosis on species in a community.

Tick your brain Can the bird poke and harm the back of the rhino? How? Predict this type of interaction. Can an ant benefit a plant to survive? How? Predict this type of interaction. Can a plant harm another plant? How? Predict the type of interaction

Definition of Symbiosis - close long-term relationship between different species in a community. – two species live together can include parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism Symbiosis

Commensalism is a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Commensalism – one species receives a benefit from another species enhances fitness of one species; no effect on fitness of the other species

Parasitism One organism, usually physically smaller of the two (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed

Parasitism – one species feeds on another enhances fitness of parasite but reduces fitness of host

Ticks and fleas that live in a host animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood are parasites.

Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host are parasites.

Mutualism Both species benefit from the interaction.

Mutualism – two species provide resources or services to each other enhances fitness of both species

Flowers and their Pollinators (examples: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen. )

Algae and Fungi > Lichen - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae.

Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals. (ex: Egyptian plover cleans giraffes and buffaloes)

Competition – two species share a requirement for a limited resource reduces fitness of one or both species

Predation – one species feeds on another enhances fitness of predator but reduces fitness of prey herbivory is a form of predation

Organizing ecological interactions effect on species 1 + effect on species 2 + mutualism 0 commensalism - predation herbivory parasitism 0 - commensalism predation herbivory parasitism competition

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