objective Definition of the gait Anatomical aspect of

objective Ø Ø Ø Ø Definition of the gait Anatomical aspect of normal gait To understand basic physiology of the gait To understand the normal gait Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities Study of each joint, bone muscle and nerve involved in the gait. Review some common causes of gait abnormalities.

definition Ø The maintenance of an upright posture and act of walking

Anatomical aspects of the gait Ø For normal gait we need normal: Ø Nervous system : Ø Ø Muscul. Skeletal system: Ø Ø CNS PNS muscle joint bone

Nervous system Ø cortex: Ø Ø Ø Brain stem Spinal cord peripheral nerves NMJ muscle cerebellum basal ganglia

Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities Ø Cortex: circumduction gait, Apraxic gait Ø Spinal cord: scissoring gait Peripheral nerves: motor fiber foot drop, high step gait sensory fiber: sensory ataxia NMJ: waddling gait Muscle: waddling gait Basal ganglia: short step gait, Shuffling gait Cerebellum: cerebellar ataxia, Tandem gait ataxia, Joint and bone: Limping gait Ø Ø Ø Ø

Review some common causes of gait abnormalities Ø Cortex: stroke Ø Spinal cord : trauma, compression Ø PN: DM, drugs Ø NMJ: mysthenia gravis Ø Muscle: polymyocities Ø Joint: arthritis Ø Bone : fracture

References Ø Neurological exam made easy Ø Bradley text book