Objective 2 0 Objective Identify functions of organelles
Objective 2. 0
Objective § Identify functions of organelles found in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. ü Identify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. ü Identify the components of the cell theory ü Identify differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic. v Prokaryotic cells § archaeobacteria and eubacteria § do not have a nucleus § smallest, simplest, and most primitive. § Genetic material is comprised of a cell wall, ribosome, and circular DNA § Do not have membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic § Eukaryotic Cells § cells that have a true nucleus containing linear (line-shaped) DNA § membrane covered organelles that allow them to perform many different functions
Cell Theory § All organisms are composed of cells – the fundamental unit of life. § All cells come from existing cells. § Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Unicellular vs. Multicellular § Unicellular, or single celled organisms § other organisms, including humans, are Multicellular
Cells are microscopic § All living things are composed of cells, from just one to many millions, whose details are usually visible only through a microscope. § Because the cells are microscopic, scientists use models and diagrams to represent them and their organelles. § The first cells were viewed as “tiny boxes” of cork cells (plant cells).
Cell function § Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. § This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs.
Organelles § function is similar in all living organisms § found in the cytoplasm § http: //cellsalive. com/cells/cell_model. htm
Cell Organelles include § Endoplasmic Reticulum (transport of materials) § Lysomes (breaks down particles and worn out cell parts. It contributes to the aging process in humans. ) § Chloroplasts (makes food from light energy in plant cells) § Nucleus (directs all cell activities)
Cell Organelles Include § Ribosomes (smallest and most abundant organelle that makes proteins by linking amino acids) § Nucleolus (makes ribosomes) § Vacuoles (storage) § Mitochondria (produces and stores energy)
Introducing the Cell (21 Minutes) § http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/inde x. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=B 44914 C 8 -A 0 E 04 F 26 -8 B 1722 E 8 F 4 EA 4586&bln. From. Search=1&prod uctcode=US
More organelle information § The cells that require more energy have more mitochondria. § The cell membrane surrounds, protects, keeps the cytoplasm inside, as well as, plays a role in the movement of materials in and out of the cell. § Plant cells have an additional protective layer called the cell wall that is used for support.
Passive Transport § maintain homeostasis in the cell § Passive transport allows materials to move through the cell membrane without the use of energy. § Examples of passive transport are diffusion and osmosis.
Passive transport § In both processes, substances move from areas of high to low concentration. § Osmosis is the movement of water from areas of high to low concentration. § http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm ? guid. Asset. Id=50281 B 9 D-BC 68 -4381 -91 B 27 D 17270 D 6 B 2 F&bln. From. Search=1&productco de=US
Active Transport § Active transport is the movement of materials from areas of low to high transportation. § § This requires the use of energy. http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm ? guid. Asset. Id=50281 B 9 D-BC 68 -4381 -91 B 27 D 17270 D 6 B 2 F&bln. From. Search=1&productco de=US
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