OA 1 1 Define Absolute Monarchy Protestant Reformation

OA 1 1. Define • Absolute Monarchy— • Protestant Reformation – • Divine right of kings (176) — 2. What happened to those individuals who dared to question a monarch’s action? (176)

Glorious Revolution

Tudors Henry VIII • Act of Supremacy – Becomes the head of the Anglican Church (Protestant Church) • To gain support of the Parliament, he sold the Catholic lands to its members.

Tudors Elizabeth I • Daughter of Henry 8 th • Removed Catholic laws • Supported the Church of England (Anglican Church) • Jailed Puritans

Stuarts Charles I • Believes in Absolutism – Absolute monarch • Did not allow Parliament to meet. – Bad relationship with the Parliament – He ruled without the parliament.

English Civil War/ English Revolution Oliver Cromwell • Military leader who fought and defeated the royalists (supporters of King Charles I) in the English Civil War. • Had Charles I executed! • He becomes a dictator – Gets rid of the Parliament.

Stuart Restoration James II • He favored the Catholic church. • He wanted to rule without the Parliament. – Believed in Absolutism

Glorious Revolution William of Orange • He worked with the Parliament to overthrow the King, James II. • Then signed the Bill of Rights. – Gave rights to the people and the power to the Parliament.

OA 2 (pg 181) 1. What was the Glorious Revolution? 2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights?

OA 2 (pg 181) 1. What was the Glorious Revolution? • William and the Parliament (Nobles) overthrew James II (King of England). • Bloodless Revolution • Signed the Bill of Rights 2. What was the importance of the Bill of Rights. • Gave power to the Parliament • Gave rights to the people

Glorious Revolution • Conflict Between: –Protestants and Catholics –Parliament and King

The Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution • Period of time when Europe experienced great expansion of scientific knowledge. – Influences the Enlightenment • The power of human reason and its endless potential! – Nicolaus Copernicus & Galileo Galilei – sun was at the center of the universe (Heliocentrism) – Isaac Newton – laws of motion and universal gravitation – Edward Jenner — small pox vaccine

Natural Law • Natural Law – Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces • For example, gravity and magnetism • What about social, economic, and political issues? • Reformers in hopes of finding advancements in society started studying human behavior • The Age of Enlightenment

Enlightenment • Cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17 th-century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism • purpose was to reform society using reason, to challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith

Philosophes Enlighten thinkers of France that used reason to reform and improve government, law, and society (French thinkers/ intellects during the enlightenment)

Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes • Humanity in nature is selfish, cruel and ugly • People must give up their freedom for an organized society • Supporter of absolute monarchy!

Enlightenment John Locke • People are reasonable and moral • All people had Natural rights – rights that belonged to all humans from birth (universal) – “Life, Liberty, and Prosperity”

Philosophes Montesquieu • Division of the government • 3 Branches: Legislative; Executive; and Judicial • Separation of powers, checks (limits) and balances

Philosophes Rousseau • People were corrupted by society. And it was society that limited the human potential. • So the government must be chosen/elected by the people. • Social Contract – People must have a direct say in the government.

Women’s Voice Wollstonecraft • Both men and women were created equal • Advocated rights for women • Ridiculed by the male dominated Enlightenment thinkers

New economic thinking • Laissez Faire – allowing business to operate with little or no government interference – Free market – Compeition • Adam Smith – English economist argued for free market in his book, “The Wealth of the Nation. ”

Cultural Influences • Salons – informal social gatherings within the wealthy upper class’s mansions, where intellects exchanged ideas • Literature – Government and the Church felt threatened by the Enlightened thinkers – Censorship – Restriction to ideas and information – They created fictional tales to express their thoughts Outpouring of Novels – Satire – Genre that mocks in purpose of social criticism

Cultural Influences • Art & Music • Baroque – Religious, grand, exaggerated, superfluous (fancy), and filled with excitement

• Enlightenment New influence Rococo – Art Style that moved away from themes of religion. The artistic styles became lighter, simpler, and elegant. Art Style

OA 3 “English Bill of Rights” 1) According to #1, #2, & #4 what couldn’t the English monarch do? 2) What must the king do in order to pass laws? 3) What is the purpose of #8 4) What is #10 trying to protect the people from? 5) What are the main goals of the English Bill of Rights

Enlightened thought comes to America ■ Tension turns to revolution, founding fathers are “enlightened” – – ■ Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations” Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence James Madison’s Constitution First Government falters – Articles of Confederation too weak ■ Stronger Government has new law – Constitution, Bill of Rights

U. S. Constitution The supreme law of the United States Created with the ideas of the Enlightenment

Principles of Constitution • Popular Sovereignty – Rule by the people – power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will. • Federalism – Power is divided between National and state gov. – A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. • Separation of Powers – Central gov. is divided by three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial – the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches.

Principles of Constitution • Checks and Balances – Each branch of the government exercise some control over the other – the powers of one branch can be challenged by another branch in order to stop one branch of the government from becoming too powerful • Limited Government – The Constitution specifically list the powers it does not have – Government. restricted with reference to governing powers by limitations

O. A. 4 Pictowords Popular Sovereignty; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks and Balances ; Limited Government