o Diaryjournal o Photographsfilm footage o Autobiography o

* o Diary/journal o Photographs/film footage o Auto-biography o Letters o Official records (census, logs) o Documents (treaty, constitution, etc. )

* o Textbook o Novel o Magazine article o Biography o Encyclopedia o Timeline

* o. Ex: George Washington was born in February o. Ex: Humans are mammals o. Ex: (Create your own)

* o. Ex: If you have a cold you should stay home from school o. Ex: Gandhi was the greatest leader in India o. Ex: (Create your own) o. Key words to look for:

300 200 100 200 300

BC (Before Christ) or BCE (Before Common Era) 300 200 100 AD (Anno Domini) or CE (Common Era) 0 100 200 300

* Try your best to put the following words where they belong on your note sheet: • Economist • Political Scientist • Archeologist • Historian • Geographer

ARCHEOLOGIST Searches for and studies artifacts like: Bones Tools Weapons Pottery HISTORIAN Studies/interprets/analyzes both primary and secondary sources to learn about the past POLITICAL SCIENTIST Studies different types of governments analyzes election results recommends policies ECONOMIST Studies things involving money like: supply and demand goods and services (what’s available? How do we produce it? scarcity (not having enough resources) GEOGRAPHER Studies the earth’s surface and how people are affected by where they live

On your whiteboard: 1. Write the letters A-E (to correspond with the maps you have) 2. Label which type of map each one is from the choices below: *Population Map *Political Map *Physical Map *Climate Map *Land Use/Resource Map

What are some different types of maps used to interpret Geography? • Different maps can be used to show different things about the earth’s geography • Different maps work together with history to explain culture in different areas

A Political Map: Used to show man-made boundaries such as countries, states, counties, towns, etc.

B Physical Map: Used to show the physical features (mtns, rivers, lakes, etc. ) of an area

C Climate Map: Used to show average temperatures vary across the globe

Population Map: D Used to show many people live in certain areas of the world

E Resource Map: Used to show what/the amount of natural resources available in an area

Anytime you see a map, make sure to read the: Title Key Labels Scale Additional notes (see review book for practice)

Latitude and Longitude

TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

• Definition: Democracy – people have the power – People have rights • Examples: – Ancient Athens (First democracy) – USA

Republic (aka: Representative Democracy) • Definition: A type of democracy in which people elect representatives • Example: USA

Monarchy • Definition: – King or Queen rules – Inherit power (passed down through family) • Examples: – Great Britain in the 1700’s

Dictatorship/ Totalitarian/ Absolute • Definition: – one person has absolute control and makes all of the decisions • Examples: – Germany under Hitler – Soviet Union under Stalin

Oligarchy • Definition: – A few people rule together and make ALL decisions

Theocracy • Definition: – Type of government based on religion • Examples: – Iran – Vatican City – Mali under Mansa Musa

• Definition: Anarchy – No government/ lawlessness • Examples: – Periods of time during the Middle Ages

Types of Economies What should be produced? How should it be produced? Should individuals have control? Should the government ever step in?

Traditional Economy • People trade goods and services with each other until they receive what they want • Don’t use money Examples: • Early civilizations • Tribal groups

Manorialism • An economic system in Medieval Europe in which lords owned manors (areas of land) that were self-sufficient (provided for its own needs)

Mercantilism System in which the colony produces raw materials for the mother country, who turns them into manufactured good and sells them back for a profit (benefits the mother country)

Mercantilism Mother Country (ex. Spain, Portugal, England, France) Colony (ex. New Spain, Peru)

Market Economy/ Free- market/ Capitalism • Economic decisions are made by individuals • Focus is on making a profit • Competition with others drives the market

Geography and its Impact on Civilizations

The ULTIMATE GLOBAL WORD: • cultural diffusion: when civilizations interact, trade, and share ideas and beliefs with each other

IF GEOGRPAHY ACTS AS A BARRIER: Leads to cultural diversity: civilizations live near each other but do not share ideas/beliefs Protects civilization from invasion/war

Rivers a. Provide civilization with drinking water, food, and fertile land for farming

Mountains a. Act as barrier from other civilizations b. Poor farm land

Deserts a. Act as barrier from other civilizations b. Little water, food and no farm land

Oceans and Seas (large bodies of salt water) a. Acted as a barrier from other civilizations until sea travel was improved b. Great highways of trade (easier to travel on water than land) c. Rich sources of food

Rainforests a. Act as barrier from other civilizations b. Abundance of animal life and is a great source of natural resources

Plains: large area of flat land at a low elevation a. Good farming land b. Good for trade and travel c. No protection from invaders

Plateaus: Large area of flat land at a high elevation a. Usually has good farming land b. Sometimes the high elevation protects from invasion c. Hard to get a fresh water source