Nutritional assessment Nutritional assessment is the process of

Nutritional assessment:

Nutritional assessment is the process of determining nutritional status. It may reveal nutrient deficiencies or excesses. The deficiency may be primary due to inadequate intake or secondary as a result of body inefficient use of nutrients. We can use two levels: evaluating the dietary intake, and evaluating the intake besides considering how the body uses the nutrients

Diet Evaluation 24 -hour recall, usual food intake, a food record, a food frequency checklist, or a diet history. One the data collected, they can be analyzed

Assessment of nutritional status: 1. Clinical examination, observing eyes, mucous membranes, skin, hair, mouth, teeth, and tongue. 2. Biochemical analysis of body tissue, blood and urine tests, iron. 3. Anthropometric measurements, Ht, wt, limp circumference.

Levels of nutritional status Ideal nutrition: Positive nutrition. -Well developed body-. Ideal weight-. Good muscle development, and tone. -The skin is smooth, and clear, hair is glassy. -The eye clear, and bright. Posture is good-.

Facial expression is alert. Appetite, digestion , and elimination are normal. mentally and physically alert-. Having essential nutrition, to resist infectious disease-. -Sleep well at night

-Border line nutrition - -Poor eating habits, Whose living in stress environment, with low income. -Has no reservoir of nutrition. -At risk of physical illness

3 -Malnutrition : Nutrients energy are not enough to meet day to day needs. Associated with poverty--. Affect infants, children, pregnant women, and elderly-. Increase infant mortality rate, because of poverty, low income and, un-educated mother-. -Children and pregnancy , develop anemia result in, Low resistance to infectious disease. Impaired learning ability-. Reduce activity level-. -Apathy. Elderly suffering of chronic disease.

Over nutrition. -Over weight and obesity. -Excess energy intake. Lead to chronic disease, as hyper tension, and DM. Note: * -Specific dietary factors lead to : -Coronary heart disease( CHD-. ( High blood pressure( HTN- -. ( Stroke( CVA- -. ( Some type of cancer-. --DM. Obesity.

Recommendation for good nutrition : Eat variety of food , Well balanced diet. Maintain ideal weight-. -Avoid too much fat , saturated fat, and cholesterol. Eat food with adequate starch, and fiber-. -Avoid too much sugar. -Avoid too much sodium. Avoid alcohol intake