NUTRITION WHY DO WE NEED FOOD 1 Growth

NUTRITION

WHY DO WE NEED FOOD? 1. Growth & Repair 2. Energy 3. Health There are 5 food groups: • Dairy • Meat, legumes and nuts • Vegetables • Fruits • Grains *Additional: Fatty and sugary foods

The Food Pyramid

DAIRY : -Provides us with Calcium -Essential vitamins (A & B 12) and Nutrients -Source of protein -Important for healthy bones etc …. MEAT, LEGUMES & NUTS : -Provides Protein - B Vitamins - Iron, Magnesium & Zinc - Important for bones, muscles, blood etc…

VEGETABLES : -Packed with vitamins (e. g. B, C, K etc…) & minerals (e. g. Iron, sodium, calcium etc) -Source of fiber -Reduces the risk of cancer FRUIT : -Provide you with all essential nutrients -Rich in Vitamins A and C -Good source of fiber GRAINS : -Carbohydrates - Contain lots of vitamins and minerals -Good source of fiber -Provides Energy

Deficiency Diseases NIGHT BLINDNESS RICKETS - Vitamin A - Cannot see at night - Vitamin D - Soft bones SCURVY - Vitamin C - Gums & Skin bleed

BERI -Vitamin B Complex - Numbness and weakness PELLAGRA -Vitamin B Complex - Scaly skin, headaches ANAEMI A - Iron - Tiredness, weakness & pale skin

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Why do we need to digest food? What is digestion? - Breakdown of food compounds into simpler forms. Monosacharide Disacharide PROTEINS Polysacharide CARBOHYDRATES

Process of Digestion 4 Stages 1. 2. 3. 4. Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Absorption Defecation

1. Mouth – Mechanical and Chemical Digestion 2. Oesophagus – Mechanical Digestion 3. Stomach – Mechanical and chemical Digestion 4. Small Intestine – Absorption 5. Large Intestine – Absorption 6. Rectum – Defecation 7. Anus - Defecation Liver – produces bile Pancreas – produces enzymes and insulin

The Liver • Largest internal organ in the body • Processes simple digested compounds • Stores Glucose as Glycogen • Removes poisons and dead cells • Converts harmful substances e. g. Alcohol