Nutrition Professionals in Military and Government Nutrition Professionals

Nutrition Professionals in Military and Government

Nutrition Professionals in Military/Government Areas of Employment l Canadian Forces l Provincial/federal departments i. e. , health promotion, Health Canada, PHAC l Canadian Space Agency w/ NASA & ESA Activities ¢ Military - Food Services, Clinical, Community l Government l • Policy development – nutrition labeling, school food, breastfeeding, etc. • Nutrition guidance

Nutrition in Space ¢ 3 physiological systems affected l Body composition • fluid, bone, muscle, fat Energy utilization l Endocrine function l ¢ What are balance studies? l Negative balance?

Body Composition - Fluid ¢ What is the main result seen on fluid balance studies of astronauts/cosmonauts? Decreases in fluid amounts of 500900 m. L in microgravity l Decreased plasma volume by 613% l ¢ Contributing factors? Motion sickness l Diuresis effect of headward shift of fluids l

Body Composition Muscle ¢ What might be possible reasons for the muscle atrophy seen in space flight? Insufficient food intake (nausea) l Disuse, lack of exercise l Legs most affected l Despite adequate intake to maintain l

Body Composition - Bone ¢ ¢ ¢ What is the effect of zero-gravity on bone? l Demineralization Possible reasons? l Increased excretion of calcium and phosphorous l Loss of weight-bearing activity l Parathyroid hormone may not be activated l Alterations to vitamin D metabolism How is mineral loss measured?

OSTEO Missions ¢ Osteoporosis Experiments in Orbit To understand effect of microgravity on bone cells l To evaluate anti-osteoporosis treatments l Developed by Canadian Space Agency ¢ OSTEO 1 operated on Discovery ¢

e. OSTEO ¢ Enhanced OSTEO l Automated version launched on unmanned Russian satellite – Foton M 3 September 2007 Developed by European Space Agency & Canadian Space Agency ¢ CSA partnering with Uof. T, Mc. Gill, CIHR ¢

Energy Utilization ¢ Measuring energy utilization during space flights l ¢ Food intake logs, metabolic balance studies, food disappearance data, respiratory gases What have studies shown to be significant changes in energy nutrient use?

Endocrine Functions ¢ What have been the main endocrine function changes noted during space travel? Increased insulin & blood glucose levels l Plasma glucagon higher l • Increased CHO use & decreased metabolic efficiency

Nutrition in Space ¢ What can nutrition professionals do to improve energy intake during space flight?

ISS Cooking http: //www. asccsa. gc. ca/eng/astronauts/living_eat ing. asp ¢ Marc Garneau ¢

ISS Cuisine ¢ Celebratory meals for longer missions l ¢ Entrees l ¢ Quail in wine sauce; red tuna; swordfish; confit of duck w/ capers Side dishes l ¢ Packaged in tins reheated in ISS ovens Carrots w/ orange & coriander; puree of celery w/ nutmeg Desserts l Semolina cake w/ dried apricots; apple fondant; rice pudding w/ candied fruit;

Astronaut Responses “Food is something which gives us a break. ” ¢ “. . . good meals provide an important morale boost. ” ¢ “[food] is something where we find some joy and we are really trying to take some time for our meals. ” ¢

Required Readings Campagna, Wadsworth, et al. , 2007 (web) ¢ Health Canada, 2007. EWCFG (web) ¢ Health Canada. Physical Activity Guide (web) ¢