Nutrition NUR 102 Lab Module I Enteral Nutrition

Nutrition NUR 102 Lab Module I

Enteral Nutrition • Definition—administration of nutrients directly into the GI tract • Beneficial when oral feedings are not possible, but the stomach or intestines are able to digest nutrients • Preferred over parenteral nutrition

Evidence-Based Practice • Indications – Impaired swallowing or gag reflex usually related to a neurological process – Nutritional deficit due to decreased food ingestion – Inability to eat related to surgery, injury, or disease

Continued… • Complications – – – – Displacement of tube Electrolyte imbalance Hyperglycemia Constipation Diarrhea Clogging of the tube Vomiting Pulmonary aspiration

Enteral Feeding • Types – Nasogastric—a small tube that is passed through the nares into the stomach – Nasointestinal—tungsten-weighted tube inserted through the nares to allow peristalsis to move the tube through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum or jejunum – Gastrostomy—surgically placed feeding tube inserted into the stomach in the LUQ of the abdomen

Continued…

Equipment Needed • • NG tube Catheter tip syringe, 60 cc Tape or tube fixation device Cup of water or ice chips for the patient • Clean gloves

Continued…

Insertion of a Nasogastric or Nasointestinal Tube • Refer to Skill 30 -1, pg 1014

Verifying Tube Placement • • X-ray after initial insertion p. H of aspirate Air bolus auscultation Aspiration of gastric contents or feeding

NG Tube Irrigation • Refer to Skill 30 -3, pg 1025

Types of NG Feedings • Intermittent or Bolus • Continuous drip

Equipment for Feeding • Clean gloves • 60 cc syringe or feeding bag • Formula

Feeding Administration • Refer to Skill 30 -4, pg 1028

Evaluation of Feeding • Measure residual per policy—notify MD if >100 cc • Monitor blood sugar levels per policy • Intake and output every 8 hours • Monitor lab values—albumin, prealbumin, protein, transferrin

Continued… • • Daily weights Assess respiratory status Assess level of comfort Assess abdomen—bowel sounds

Gastrostomy Feedings • Refer to Skill 30 -5, pg 1036

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Parenteral Therapy • Definition—specialized nutrition support delivered intravenously • Ideal for patients who cannot digest or absorb enteral nutrition • Provides amino acids, dextrose, fat emulsions, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements

Central Venous Catheter

PICC Line

Nursing Care • Refer to Skill 31 -1, pg 1049, Skill 312, pg 1 -57, and Skill 31 -3, pg 1061

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