NUTRITION IN ANIMALS Types of digestive systems WHAT

NUTRITION IN ANIMALS Types of digestive systems

WHAT IS DIGESTION? Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones.

TYPES OF DIGESTION IN ANIMALS: . External digestion is more primitive, and most fungi still rely on it. [3] In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an organic material, and some of the products diffuse back to the organism gastrovascular cavity: Extracellular digestion takes place within this cavity. It has only one opening to the outside that functions as both a mouth and an anus.

INTERNAL DIGESTION Animals form a tube in which internal digestion occurs, which is more efficient because more of the broken down products can be captured, and the internal chemical environment can be more efficiently controlled. [4]

STAGES IN THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS Breaking these large molecules into smaller components involves: Ingestion: the intake of food movement: propels food through the digestive system secretion: release of digestive juices in response to a specific stimulus digestion: breakdown of food into molecular components small enough to cross the plasma membrane absorption: passage of the molecules into the body's interior and their passage throughout the body elimination: removal of undigested food and wastes

CUTANEUS RESPIRATION: GAS EXCHANGE CARRIED OUT THROUGH THE SKIN. IS The Body Surface: moist skin Flatworms and annelids use their outer surfaces as gas exchange surfaces. Earthworms have a series of thin-walled blood vessels known as capillaries. Gas exchange occurs at capillaries located throughout the body as well as those in the respiratory surface. Adult Amphibians use their skin as a respiratory surface.

RESPIRATION IN ANIMALS: A WAY TO INTAKE OXYGEN-BRANCHIAL RESPIRATION

GILLS AND TRACHEAE: TRACHEAL RESPIRATION. TRACHEAE END IN ORIFICES CALLED SPIRACLES

GILLS IN FISH: FISH NEED TO MOVE IN ORDER TO TAKE OXYGEN.

PULMONARY RESPIRATION: LUNGS Internal cavities which have very thin, damp walls full of blood vessels. Movements: inhalation and exhalation (Inhalar y exalar) Vertebrates and some invertebrates like terrestrial snails. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_em bedded&v=obn. AWTWd. V 7 c http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. NTEOCFm. OIQ

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: IT CARRIES OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS AND REMOVES CARBONDIOXIDE AND WASTES Types: 1. Open circulatory system: the heart pumps the fluid through the body cavity directly to the organs. (Molluscs and arthropods) 2. Closed circulatory system: The blood always circulates inside blood vessels pumped by a heart. Simple (fish) and double (mammals) Simple: the blood passes once through the heart and the gills. Double: the blood passes through the heart twice. First loop: heart-lungs-heart Second loop: heart-body-heart

OPEN AND CLOSE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

SIMPLE AND DOUBLE CLOSE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS:

EXCRETION: THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING WASTE PRODUCTS AND EXPELLING THEM OUTSIDE. Carbon dioxide: respiratory system Ammoniac and urea: excretory system Some animals expel wastes directly through the pores (sponges) Insects: Malpighian tubules Vertebrates: Kidneys, ureteres, bladder and urethra.

VERTEBRATES: KIDNEYS

FLAT WORMS: DIRECTLY TRHOUGH THE PORES, CONDUCTS (B)

INSECTS: MALPIGHIAN TUBULES