Nutrition Continued Diabetes Insulin Type 1 diabetes is

Nutrition Continued

Diabetes & Insulin • Type 1 diabetes: is a disease in which the pancreas does not produce insulin. • • • The cause of type 1 diabetes remains unknown. However, it is not preventable, Not caused by eating too much sugar. Most often develops during childhood or teens. Or you are born with it • Type 2 Diabetes: is a disease in which your pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or your body does not properly use the insulin it makes, or your pancreas stops working completely. • A progressive, life-long condition. • Generally caused by weight problems or genetic factors. • Gestational Diabetes: is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. • Can be very dangerous for mom and baby • Usually temporary • Avoid foods high in sugar and continue to exercise regularly

2. Fats • • Most concentrated form of energy Protect & Insulate Organs Maintain Body Temperature Help with Vitamin absorption • 1. Saturated: fats that are solid at room temperature (shortening, butter, lard, bacon grease) • 2. Unsaturated: fats that are liquid or soft at room temperature (oils) • Cholesterol: a fatty substance found in body cells and animal fats and also manufactured by the liver. An excess can contribute to atherosclerosis

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Saturated Fat

Unsaturated Fat

3. Protein • Protein builds, maintains, and replaces the tissues (what your body is made of) in your body. • Your muscles, your organs, and your immune system are made up mostly of protein. • Your body uses the protein you eat to make lots of specialized protein molecules that have specific jobs.

Protein • For building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, and providing energy and heat • Proteins are made up of 22 building blocks called amino acids • 1. Complete Proteins: contain 9 of the amino acids that are essential to life. Found in meats, fish, milk, cheeses, eggs. • 2. Incomplete Proteins: contain any of the remaining 13 amino acids and some of the nine essential amino acids. Found in vegetable foods such as cereals, soybeans, dry beans, peas, and peanuts.

Amino Acids • Stomach breaks down the protein in food into basic units, called Amino Acids. • The Amino Acids then can be reused to make the proteins your body needs to maintain muscles, bones, blood, and body organs. • Proteins look like long necklaces with differently shaped beads. • Each bead is a small amino acid. • These amino acids can join together to make thousands of different proteins.

4. Vitamins • Essential to life • Important for cell function & tissue building • Allows the body to use the energy provided by food (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) • Only small amounts of vitamins are required • Vitamins are classified as one of Two Categories: 1. Water Soluble: Vitamin C & B Complex 2. Fat Soluble: A, E, D, K

Vitamins Cont’d • Water soluble (C, B): • dissolve in water • easily destroyed by cooking • aren’t stored in your body • they travel through your bloodstream • whatever your body doesn't use leaves with urine • Fat soluble (A, E, D, K): • dissolve in fat • not easily destroyed by cooking • stored in the fat tissues in your body and in your liver • wait around in your body fat until your body needs them

Specific Vitamin Functions • Vitamin A – maintains vision, boosts immune system • Found in: milk, orange fruits, green leafy veggies • Vitamin B Group – Helps make and release energy from food, helps make red blood cells • Found in: whole grains, fish, sea food, meat, poultry, dairy, beans, peas, dark leafy veggies. • Vitamin C – maintains body tissues, helps heal wounds, boosts immune system • Found in: citrus fruit, strawberries, tomato, broccoli, cabbage, red peppers

Specific Vitamin Functions • Vitamin D – build & maintain bones, helps body absorb calcium. • Found in: milk, fish, egg yolks, liver • Vitamin E – protects your cells and tissue from damage and helps maintain red blood cells • Found in: whole grains, leafy green veggies, oils, egg yolks, nut • Vitamin K – helps to form blood clots when you cut/injure yourself (so you don’t bleed to death) • Found in: leafy greens veggies, dairy, broccoli, soybean oil

5. Minerals • Minerals are inorganic (non living) elements found in all body cells. • Regulate body fluids, assist in various body functions, contribute to growth and aid in building tissues. • E. g. Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium

6. Water Found in all body tissues. Essential for the digestion (breakdown) of food. Makes up most of the blood plasma. Helps body tissues absorb nutrients Helps move waste material through the body. The average person needs 6 to 8 glasses of water each day. • 1 glass = 8 oz • 6 -8 glasses = 48 -64 oz/day • • •