Nutrients Roles of Nutrients Help the body grow

Nutrients

Roles of Nutrients Help the body grow Provide energy Regulate body functions Provides oxygen to cells throughout body Help build, and repair tissue

Types of Nutrients To survive the human body needs nutrients found in food. These nutrients are classified into six groups: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water

Carbohydrates Are the main source of energy for the body. Your body can only store limited amounts of carbs. Excess carbs. are converted and stored as fat. 45 -65% of caloric intake. Sources of Carbs include: Vegetables Beans Potatoes Pasta Breads Rice Bran Popcorn fruit

Two Types of Carbs. • Simple Carbs. – Sugars that enter the bloodstream rapidly and provide quick energy. – Provide calories but few vitamins & minerals. Ex. Fructose (Fruit), Lactose (milk) – Natural sugars found in fruits, dairy products; also in cake, candy, refined sugar. • Complex Carbs. – Starches and fiber – most of the calories in most diets are from CC. Ex. Grains products such as pasta, breads, beans, potatoes

Simple vs. Complex

Starch & Fiber Starch is a food substance that is made and stored in most plants. They provide longlasting energy. Ex. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes Fiber is the part of grains and plant foods that cannot be digested. It helps move food through the digestive system, preventing constipation and other intestinal problems. Reduces blood cholesterol level & risk of developing heart disease.

Glucose What most carbs get broken down into Main source of fuel for your body’s tissues Stored and then later used for Physical activity

Proteins Nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues. Made of long chains of amino acids (structural units) Your body makes 11 out of 21 aa’s that make up proteins 10 that your body can’t make are called essential amino acids. These 10 come from food.

Role of Proteins Supplies body with energy Protein Hemoglobin (located in RBC) carries oxygen to body’s cells Muscles, bones, skin, internal organs 10 -15 % of caloric intake

Fats Is a nutrient that provides energy The body needs it to maintain body Stored as fat tissue that surrounds and cushions internal organs Brain development, healthy skin and hair, heat Store and use vitamins maintain an energy reserve Build brain cells and nerve tissues

3 Types of Fats Saturated Fats is a type of fat from dairy products, solid vegetables, meat & poultry Are usually in solid form when at room temp. Unsaturated Fats Trans Fats Found in margarine Snack foods Packaged goods (cookies, crackers) Can raise total Blood Cholesterol USDA now requires amount listed on label Nuts, seeds Moderate amounts make lower risk of heart disease Contributes to the level of cholesterol in a persons blood Cholesterol is a fat-like substance made by the body and found in certain food Usually animal based products

Fats continued Unused calories from fat stored as body fat (known as adipose tissue) Risks – Type II Diabetes, cardiovascular disease Cholesterol – waxy fatlike substance in blood Need Good Cholesterol. Bad cholesterol builds up on insides of arteries (saturated and trans fats) Should consume less than 25 -35% of caloric intake from Fats

Vitamins Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption and metabolism of other nutrients It helps the body use carbs. , proteins & fats Do not supply energy There are two types: Fat-soluble vitamin Water soluble

Vitamin Roles A, E, Folic : Grow and Maintain Tissues B : Help body use other nutrients for energy C : Protect against infection D, K : help build bones

Two types of Vitamins Fat-Soluble Is a vitamin that dissolves in fat and can be stored in the body. are stored in the liver, fatty tissue and kidneys There are four fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E & K Excess build-up of these vitamins can be toxic Water- Soluble Is a vitamin that dissolves in water and cannot be stored in the body Pass easily into the blood during digestion Ex. Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

Minerals Are substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed forming healthy bones, teeth and for regulating many vital body processes. Some important minerals are Iron Calcium Sodium Phosphorous Magnesium

Water Is involved with all body processes Makes up basic part of the blood Helps w/ waste removal Regulates body temp. Cushions spinal cords & joints Makes up more than 60% of body mass It carries nutrients to all body cells and waste products from the cells to the kidneys. It leaves the body in the form of perspiration & urination. Caffeine – eliinmates water from the body and causes DEHYDRATION

Vocabulary Nutrition Nutrients Carbohydrates Fiber Proteins Vitamins Minerals Hemoglobin Transfat Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fat Simple Carbs. Complex Carbs. Starch Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Cholesterol Glucose

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