NurseClient Relationship n planner n caregiver n manager

第一节护患关系（Nurse-Client Relationship) 护士角色功能 n 护理计划者（planner) n 护理活动执行者(care-giver) n 护理管理者(manager) n 健康教育者(educator) n

三、沟通的类型（一）语言性沟通（verbal) 占 35% 评估病人的教育程度及对语言的理解能力尽量避免使用医学术语 Verbal communication involves the spoken or written word,

（二）非语言性沟通(nonverbal) 占 65% A person communicates by gestures, facial expressions, posture, body movement, voice

空间效应亲密距离（intimate distance) 个人距离（personal distance）社会距离（social distance）公众距离（public distance）

四、影响有效沟通的因素（一）个人因素-信息发出者和接受者（sender or receiver) sense deficets Loss of functions Disease Drugs Other

（二）信息因素（message) Nonverbal communication ---facial expression ---gestures ---body movenments Verbal communication ---content of message ---themes主题

（三）环境因素（environment) External influences ---temperature ---physical arrangement ---personal space ---lighting ---noise level ---privacy

Internal influences ---beliefs ---experiences ---thoughts ---attitudes

（四）沟通技巧因素（communication skills) ---changing the subject ---being mora’listic教训 --- false rea’ssurance安慰 ---giving advice

五、常用的沟通技巧倾听(listen) Making self available to listen to the client n 反映(reflection) Identifying the

n 提问(question) 鼓励病人提供更多信息开发式提问（open-end）封闭式提问（closed） An open-ended question is one that e’licits(引出） more than

重复（Repeat） 1. 复述（Restatement） Reapeat the content of the message back to the client, to

n 澄清和阐明(clarification) Helping the client put into words unclear thoughts or ideas 有助与增强沟通的准确性。

n 沉默（Silence） Allowing for a pause in communication that permits nurse and client time

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第一节护患关系（Nurse-Client Relationship) 护士角色功能 n 护理计划者（planner) n 护理活动执行者(care-giver) n 护理管理者(manager) n 健康教育者(educator) n 健康协调者(coordinator) n 健康咨询者(consultant) n 病人利益维护者(advocate) n 护理研究者和改革者(researcher and reformer)

三、沟通的类型（一）语言性沟通（verbal) 占 35% 评估病人的教育程度及对语言的理解能力尽量避免使用医学术语 Verbal communication involves the spoken or written word, It is an exchange(交流） using the elements of language

（二）非语言性沟通(nonverbal) 占 65% A person communicates by gestures, facial expressions, posture, body movement, voice tone, rate of speech. 体语、空间效应、反应时间、类语言

空间效应亲密距离（intimate distance) 个人距离（personal distance）社会距离（social distance）公众距离（public distance）

四、影响有效沟通的因素（一）个人因素-信息发出者和接受者（sender or receiver) sense deficets Loss of functions Disease Drugs Other

（二）信息因素（message) Nonverbal communication ---facial expression ---gestures ---body movenments Verbal communication ---content of message ---themes主题 ---emotions

（三）环境因素（environment) External influences ---temperature ---physical arrangement ---personal space ---lighting ---noise level ---privacy

Internal influences ---beliefs ---experiences ---thoughts ---attitudes

（四）沟通技巧因素（communication skills) ---changing the subject ---being mora’listic教训 --- false rea’ssurance安慰 ---giving advice

五、常用的沟通技巧倾听(listen) Making self available to listen to the client n 反映(reflection) Identifying the main emotional themes contained in a communication and direction these back to the client n

n 提问(question) 鼓励病人提供更多信息开发式提问（open-end）封闭式提问（closed） An open-ended question is one that e’licits(引出） more than a “yes” or “no” answer

重复（Repeat） 1. 复述（Restatement） Reapeat the content of the message back to the client, to verify understanding with the client 2. 意述（Reflection） Identifying the main emotional themes(主题） and directing them back to the client. n

n 澄清和阐明(clarification) Helping the client put into words unclear thoughts or ideas 有助与增强沟通的准确性。

n 沉默（Silence） Allowing for a pause in communication that permits nurse and client time to think about what has taken. 给病人思考的时间，给护士观察和调适自己的机会