Numerical Integration: Rectangular Rule fi+1/2 fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1/2 xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration: Rectangular Rule fi+1/2 fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1/2 xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules •
Numerical Integration: Simpson’s Rules fi f 1 fi-1 x 1 xi-1 fi+2 fi+1 fn f 0 a = x 0 • xi xi+1 xi+2 b = xn
Numerical Integration •
Romberg Integration •
Gauss Quadrature •
(a) Graphical depiction of Trapezoidal Rule (b) Improved integral estimate by taking the area under the straight line passing through two intermediate points. By positioning these points wisely, the positive and negative errors are balanced, and an improved integral estimate results Source: Chapra and Canale, pg 641 (2012)