NULL TENSE SEPT 19 2012 DAY 10 Introduction

NULL TENSE SEPT. 19, 2012 D–AY 10 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

COURSE MANAGEMENT http: //www. tulane. edu/~howard/ANTH 3590/ 9/19/12 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 2

9/19/12 3 Null auxiliaries ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane REVIEW

THE ARGUMENT The data 9/19/12 He ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane could have helped her, or she have helped him. (15) *He could have helped her, or she’ve helped him. (18) The conclusion [TP she [T’ could [VP have helped him]]] 4

9/19/12 5 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane § 3. 4 NULL T IN FINITE CLAUSES

NULL AUX > NULL T TP PRN she TP T’ T does PRN she VP T’ T VP Af 3 s. Pres V enjoy NP syntax V enjoy NP 6 syntax ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Hypothesis: All finite clauses are TPs headed by an overt or null T constituent, which is the locus of the tense properties of a clause. 9/19/12

AFFIX HOPPING Remember what we said about semantic and phonological components. 9/19/12 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane At PF, an unattached affix Af is lowered onto the head of the complement of the constituent that contains Af. (#26) TP PRN she TP T’ T does PRN she VP T’ T VP Af 3 s. Pres V enjoy NP syntax 7

9/19/12 8 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane § 3. 5 NULL T IN INFINITIVE CLAUSES

HYPOTHESIS T’ ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane All finite & infinitival PRN she clauses are TPs headed by an overt T or null T constituent. Af 3 s. Pres 9/19/12 TP VP V want TP PRN PRO T’ T to VP V enjoy NP syntax 9

BARE INFINITIVES Bare infinitives, #33, must have a null T a) c) Some have counterparts with to a. b. Some had counterparts with to a. b. Tom has never been known [to criticize anyone] Senator Sleaze was seen [to leave Benny’s Bunny Bar] I saw [her coral lips to move] (Shakespeare) What would you have me to do? “ ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane b) #I have never known [Tom criticise anyone] A reporter saw [Senator Sleaze leave Benn’s Bunny Bar] You mustn’t let [the pressure get to you] 9/19/12 Contraction/cliticization a. b. I can’t let you have my passport. *I can’t let you’ve my passport. 10

You must let [Mary enjoy syntax] TP T’ 9/19/12 PRN you VP V let ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane T must TP PRN Mary T’ T to VP V enjoy NP syntax 11

NOTE TO SELF There was enough time left over to continue on to null C. 9/19/12 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 12

9/19/12 13 MIN = 5. 0 AVG = 7. 9 MAX = 10. 0 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Q 2

9/19/12 § 3. 6 Null complementizers 14 ANTH 3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane NEXT TIME