Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication

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Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication RNA and Transcription 1

Nucleic Acids Structures of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication RNA and Transcription 1

Nucleotides Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that have a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate

Nucleotides Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that have a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate Base PO 4 Sugar nucleoside 2

Nitrogen-Containing Bases 3

Nitrogen-Containing Bases 3

Sugars 4

Sugars 4

Nucleosides in DNA Base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Sugar Deoxyribose

Nucleosides in DNA Base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Sugar Deoxyribose Nucleoside Adenosine Guanosine Cytidine Thymidine 5

Nucleosides in RNA Base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U) Sugar ribose

Nucleosides in RNA Base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U) Sugar ribose Nucleoside Adenosine Guanosine Cytidine Uridine 6

Example of a Nucleoside 7

Example of a Nucleoside 7

Nucleotides in DNA and RNA DNA d. AMP d. GMP d. CMP d. TMP

Nucleotides in DNA and RNA DNA d. AMP d. GMP d. CMP d. TMP Deoxyadenosine monophosphate Deoxyguanosine monophosphate Deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxythymidine monophosphate RNA AMP GMP CMP UMP adenosine monophosphate guanosine monophosphate cytidine monophosphate uridine monophosphate 8

Structure of Nucleic Acids • • Polymers of four nucleotides Linked by alternating sugar-phosphate

Structure of Nucleic Acids • • Polymers of four nucleotides Linked by alternating sugar-phosphate bonds RNA: ribose and A, G, C, U DNA: deoxyribose and A, G, C, T base P sugar nucleotide base P sugar nucleotide 9

Nucleic Acid Structure 3 3, 5 -phosphodiester bond 5 10

Nucleic Acid Structure 3 3, 5 -phosphodiester bond 5 10

Double Helix of DNA • DNA contains two strands of nucleotides • H bonds

Double Helix of DNA • DNA contains two strands of nucleotides • H bonds hold the two strands in a doublehelix structure • A helix structure is like a spiral stair case • Bases are always paired as A–T and G-C • Thus the bases along one strand complement the bases along the other 11

Complementary Base Pairs • Two H bonds for A-T • Three H bonds for

Complementary Base Pairs • Two H bonds for A-T • Three H bonds for G-C 12

Double Helix of DNA 13

Double Helix of DNA 13

Learning Check NA 1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in

Learning Check NA 1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-G-C • • • • • 14

Solution NA 1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the

Solution NA 1 Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section: -A-G-T-C-C-A-A-T-G-C • • • • • -T-C-A-G-G-T-T-A-C-G 15

DNA Replication • DNA in the chromosomes replicates itself every cell division • Maintains

DNA Replication • DNA in the chromosomes replicates itself every cell division • Maintains correct genetic information • Two strands of DNA unwind • Each strand acts like a template • New bases pair with their complementary base • Two double helixes form that are copies of original DNA 16

DNA Unwinds G-C A-T C-G T-A GACT- -C -T -G -A 17

DNA Unwinds G-C A-T C-G T-A GACT- -C -T -G -A 17

DNA Copied with Base Pairs Two copies of original DNA strand G-C A-T C-G

DNA Copied with Base Pairs Two copies of original DNA strand G-C A-T C-G T-A G-C A-T C-G G-A 18

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