nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information Contain

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nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information • Contain the following elements: C, H,

nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information • Contain the following elements: C, H, N, O, P • Two types of nucleic acids: • 1. DNA 2. RNA

1. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid • “encodes the instructions”(genetic code) for the specific amino

1. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid • “encodes the instructions”(genetic code) for the specific amino acid sequence of a protein • is copied and passed from one generation of cells to another (condensed DNA = chromosome) • Eukaryotes- nucleus • Prokaryotes- cytoplasm

2. RNA = Ribonucleic acid • functions in the actual synthesis of proteins coded

2. RNA = Ribonucleic acid • functions in the actual synthesis of proteins coded for by DNA m. RNA

• m. RNA carries the encoded information to the ribosomes; t. RNA carries

• m. RNA carries the encoded information to the ribosomes; t. RNA carries the amino acids to the ribosome; & r. RNA is a major component of ribosomes DNA ==> RNA ==> Protein

Structure of Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids are macromolecules built of monomers called NUCLEOTIDES

Structure of Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids are macromolecules built of monomers called NUCLEOTIDES

Each nucleotide consists of: 1. 5 -carbon sugar: -deoxyribose in DNA -ribose in RNA

Each nucleotide consists of: 1. 5 -carbon sugar: -deoxyribose in DNA -ribose in RNA 2. Phosphate group (attached to #5 carbon on sugar) 3. Nitrogenous base – purines (double ring; A & G) – pyrimidines (single ring; C, T & U)

• nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester linkages (between phosphate of one nucleotide

• nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester linkages (between phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next) • this results in a backbone with a repeating pattern of: sugarphosphate-sugar-phosphate. . .

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis

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