Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic
Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid Basics • Contain instructions to build proteins • 2 types: – DNA – RNA Proteins built from DNA instructions Blueprint to build a boat
Nucleic Acid Basics • Contain instructions to build proteins • 2 types: – DNA – RNA • Composed of smaller units called nucleotides – Monomer: Nucleotide – Polymer: Nucleic acid Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer)
Nucleotide Structure • What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids • Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases • • Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) adenine Monomer: nucleotide thymine Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) cytosine Monomer: nucleotide guanine
Nucleotide Structure • What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids • Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) • Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids • Instructions for ribosomes to make protein
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor 1. How many nucleotides are pictured? Six 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? Nucleic acid 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. Sugar 4. What are these individual monomers called? Nucleotides 5. What will these instructions be used to create? Protein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides • 4 DNA Bases: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G
Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides • Chargaff’s Rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G • Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein Gene A: Hemoglobin protein Gene B: Keratin protein Gene C: Collagen protein
1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12
Ribonucleic Acid • Single chain of nucleotides • Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
Ribonucleic Acid Physically builds the protein Instructions to build protein • Single chain of nucleotides • Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine • Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosomes
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor Monomer Polymer Carbohydrates A? B? Proteins C? Lipids D? Protein (polypeptide) Lipid monosaccharide Amino acid polysaccharide Fatty acid, Glycerol Nucleic acids E? Nucleotide Nucleic acid
Review Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base 1) Name the monomer of nucleic acids. 2) Draw & Label a nucleotide. 3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? 4) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? 5) What do you call a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein? 6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? 7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same?
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