Nucleic Acids Information storage AP Biology 2006 2007
Nucleic Acids Information storage AP Biology 2006 -2007
Nucleic Acids Function: store & transmit genetic information Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) (r. RNA, m. RNA, t. RNA) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for other energyrequiring processes in cells Structure: monomers = nucleotides Polymers = polynucleotides (DNA, RNA) AP Biology
Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5 C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO 4) group AP Biology
RNA & DNA RNA single nucleotide chain DNA double nucleotide chain N bases bond in pairs across chains spiraled in a double helix AP Biology
Building the polymer AP Biology
Nucleic polymer Backbone sugar to PO 4 bond new base added to sugar of previous base polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases? Why is this important? AP Biology
DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands Adenine: : Thymine (A-T) Cytosine: : Guanine (C-G) RNA o A-U (Uracil) o G-C AP Biology
Information polymer Function series of bases encodes information like the letters of a book stored information is passed from parent to offspring need to copy accurately stored information = genes genetic information Passing on information? Why is this important? AP Biology
G T A AP Biology A C G T C G A T C A
ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine Composed of adenine and ribose Triphosphate 3 phosphate groups attached to each other and the ribose ATP = High energy molecule -supplies energy for muscle contraction and nerve impulses ADP = Lower energy molecule (diphosphate) + AP Biology +
What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? A. A-T and G-U B. A-T and G-C C. A-U and G-C D. A-T and C-U AP Biology
What is one difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA has uracil and RNA does not B. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded C. DNA has 4 bases and RNA has 5 D. DNA has a ribose sugar and RNA does not AP Biology
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? A. 5 C sugar, carbon base, carboxyl group B. 3 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group C. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group D. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, hydroxyl group AP Biology
Which of the following supplies cellular energy for muscle contractions and nerve impulses? A. DNA B. RNA C. ATP D. ABC AP Biology
Macromolecules Review AP Biology 2006 -2007
Carbohydrates Structure / monomer monosaccharide Function energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen AP Biology glycosidic bond
Lipids Structure triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids, waxes Function energy storage membranes Sex Hormones Insulation/protection Examples Saturated & unsaturated fat, steroids, waxes, phospholipids AP Biology
Proteins Structure / monomer amino acids levels of structure Primary Secondary Tertiery Quaternary Function peptide bond enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin AP Biology hormone, actin and myosin, antibodies, collagen
Nucleic acids Structure / monomer nucleotide Function information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA AP Biology
PASSWORD AP Biology 2006 -2007
Isomers Functional group hydrocarbon AP Biology
monosaccharide cellulose polysaccharide AP Biology
Glucose Benedict’s solution Iodine AP Biology
Triglyceride Phospholipid Fatty acid AP Biology
Nitric Acid Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure AP Biology
Amino acid R group 20 AP Biology
Polypeptide Enzyme Denature AP Biology
Nucleotide Deoxyribonucleic acid adenine AP Biology
Adenosine triphosphate Cytosine Double helix AP Biology
Hemoglobin Insulin Keratin AP Biology
MONOSACCHARIDE AMINO ACID TRIGLCERIDE STEROID PHOSPHOLIPID NUCLEOTIDE AP Biology
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