NUCLEAR ENERGY BY P PRAKRUTHI KASHYAP Bsc II

NUCLEAR ENERGY BY, P. PRAKRUTHI. KASHYAP Bsc II semester

NUCLEEAR REACTORS

Fission U 235+n 1 Ba 141+Kr 92+3 n 1+energy 1 3 He 4+n 1 +energy Fusion ----H +H

CONTROL RODS

HOW A NUCLEAR MELTDOWN OCCURS?

NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS A Review

CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT 26 April 1986

THREE MILE ISLAND INCIDENT 28 March 1979

NUCLEAR SAFETY MEASURES High quality equipment and construction Ø Comprehensive monitoring to detect damages in the instrument. Ø Operational dosimetry resources for workers. Ø Provisions to confine the effects of severe fuel damage to the plant itself. Ø Regular testing to detect equipment or operator failures. Ø

WHAT IS AN SEU ? Ø An SEU is nothing but slightly enriched URANIUM. Ø SEU has U-235 Concentration of 0. 9% to 2%. This new grade is used to replace natural uranium in heavy water reactors like the CANDU. Ø Costs are lowered because less uranium and fewer bundles are needed to fuel the reactor. Ø This in turn reduces the quantity of used fuel and subsequent management costs.

THORIUM VS URANIUM Nuclear energy available in the form of thorium is greater than that available from all the world’s oil , coal and uranium combined. Ø Thorium is approximately 3 times as abundant as uranium in earths crust. Ø Thorium is generally present in higher concentrations [2 -10%] in weight than uranium[0. 1 -1%] in their respective ores. Ø The half life of thorium is 75380 yrs and that of uranium is 7. 038 x 10 8 yrs. Ø

KKNPP AT A GLANCE: Ø Ø Ø Ø It is constructed at 7. 5 to 8 m above the sea level. All the safety related buildings are closed with double walled gasket leak tight doors The 2 reactors built at KKNP are advanced models of the Russian VVER-1000 mw reactor Each reactor at Kudankulam will generate 1000 MW It uses low enriched uranium fuel. The reactor building has double confinement structure. The main and special safety feature is the HYDROGEN RECOMBINERS & A CORE CATCHER

NUCLEAR ENERGY - A GOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR OTHER CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

FUSION OVER FISSION Ø Ø Unlike fission during fusion tremendous amount of energy is released. Products of fusion reactions are less harmless. Fusion processes end up liberating non-radioactive substances. Fusion of small mass generates large amount of energy.

THE ITER REACTOR-PROPOSED DESIGN

THANK YOU P. PRAKRUTHI. KASHYAP Bsc II semester[PCM]