Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry ObjectivesDistrict Students will be

Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry Objectives-District • • • Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes are and why they undergo radioactivity. Students will be able to compare properties of nuclear reactions with chemical reactions. Students will demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through application and graphing. Students will understand classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced. Students will assess the application of nuclear chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry I: 2. 15. 18 Objectives: • I can understand what a radioisotope is by applying the band of stability graph. • I can understand why a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction.

Nuclear Band of Stability

Radioisotopes • Atoms with unstable nuclei. • The ratio of protons-to-neutrons is not adequate for nuclear stability. • Most elements need more neutrons than protons to maintain stability within the nucleus. • Elements with more than 100 protons are considered radioisotopes. • Elements with less than 100 protons have at least one radioisotope.

Nuclear Reactions • A reaction that occurs within the nucleus of a radioisotope in order to stabilize it. • Also called: radioactive decay; radioactivity • Spontaneous Reactions (occurs naturally). • Reaction rates (speed of reactions) remain constant for radioisotopes despite changes in temperature, pressure, or addition of catalyst. • Radioisotopes have half-lives.

Nuclear Reactions: Half-Life • Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope). • Half-lives help scientists from various disciplines, geologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, cosmologists, forensics, determine the age of different things.

Chemistry I: 2. 16. 18 Due: Band of Stability Problems/Graphing wksht. Objectives: • I can understand what a radioisotope is by applying the band of stability graph. • I can understand why a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction. • I can understand how a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction via modeling, graphing, and calculations.

Nuclear Band of Stability Review

Band of Stability Quiz: Bell Ringer 1. Plot the atoms on the graph and circle any that are radioisotopes. a. 2. 3. Si-28 b. Yb-140 c. Zn-61 T or F: Most elements are considered stable when they have the same amount of protons and neutrons. A radioisotope of Manganese (Mn) has 25 protons and a mass # of 75. What could be done to make this atom stable?

Nuclear Reactions: Half-Life • Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope). • Half-lives help scientists from various disciplines, geologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, cosmologists, forensics, determine the age of different things.

Radioactive Decay Lab Purpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium. thefoxisblack. com Homework: Complete post-lab questions and graph data. usd 314. k 12. ks. us

Chemistry I: 2. 19. 18 Infinite Campus: • Atomic Structure Exam-48 pts. • Band of Stability Quiz-6 pts. Due: • M&Mium Post lab qsts completed Objectives: • I can understand how a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction via modeling, graphing, and calculations.

Band of Stability Quiz: Bell Ringer 1. Plot the atoms on the graph and circle any that are radioisotopes. a. 2. 3. Si-28 b. Yb-140 c. Zn-61 T or F: Most elements are considered stable when they have the same amount of protons and neutrons. A radioisotope of Manganese (Mn) has 25 protons and a mass # of 75. What could be done to make this atom stable?

Half-Life Illustration • We have 20 radioisotopes and its half-life is 5 s. How many radioisotopes are remaining after 15 seconds?

Radioactive Decay Lab-Analysis Purpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium. thefoxisblack. com Homework: Complete post-lab questions and graph data. usd 314. k 12. ks. us

M&Mium Decay Graph astronomy. nmsu. edu

Half-Life Practice Problems We have 20 radioisotopes and its half-life is 5 s. How many radioisotopes are remaining after 15 seconds? Half-Life(time) # half-lives % Parent Amount of Parent 0 0 100 20 5 1 50 10 10 2 25 5 15 3 12. 5 2 or 3 remaining

Chemistry I: 2. 20. 18 Due: • Half-Life Practice Problems Objectives: • I can understand how a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction via modeling, graphing, and calculations.

Half-Life Practice Problems • Gave students an opportunity to work in groups on half-life problems.

Chemistry I: 2. 21. 18 Objectives: • I can understand how a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction via modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can classify nuclear reactions and predict products by the types of radiation produced.

Half-Life Word Problems

Chemistry I: 2. 22. 18 Objectives: • I can understand how a radioisotope undergoes a nuclear reaction via modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can classify nuclear reactions and predict products by the types of radiation produced.

Nuclear Radiation: • Matter and large amounts of energy produced during a nuclear reaction. • Three main types of nuclear radiation: 1. Alpha radiation (α ) 2. Beta radiation (β) 3. Gamma radiation (ϒ)

Nuclear Radiation: • Matter and large amounts of energy produced during a nuclear reaction. • Three main types of nuclear radiation: 1. Alpha radiation (α ) 2. Beta radiation (β) 3. Gamma radiation (ϒ)

Nuclear Radiation Types of radiation can be classified by type of shielding. (alpha particle) paper wood (beta particle) (gamma particle) concrete or lead

Types of Nuclear Radiation • Types of radiation can be classified by their charges

Transmutation: • An element is converted to a new element during radioactive decay. • What must happen in the nucleus for a transmutation to occur? Change in number of protons

Alpha (α ) Radiation parent isotope (unstable) decays α + particle (He nucleus) daughter isotope (stable) • change in mass number: decreases by 4 • change in atomic number: decreases by 2 • transmutation has occurred because parent and daughter isotopes are different elements.

Beta (β) Radiation β particle • change in mass number: stays the same • change in atomic number: increas in atomic number • transmutation occur? Yes, because the parent and daughter isotopes are different elements.

Gamma (ϒ) Radiation parent decays α + isotope particle (unstable) (He nucleus) +ϒ daughter isotope + ϒ (stable) • change in mass number: no change • change in atomic number: no change • transmutation occur? No, does not cause a transmutation Gamma particles are just immense amount of energy that can be produced during some alpha and beta reactions.

Nuclear Radiation Applications • Classifying nuclear reactions and predicting parent or daughter isotopes in a nuclear reaction based on the radiation produced.

Half-Life Graph Analysis • Reviewed interpreting half-life graphs.

Chemistry: 2. 23. 18 Infinite Campus: • Radioactivity Article-14 pts. Due: Nuclear Reaction Practice Problems Objectives: • Nuclear Reaction Quiz • I can understand the difference between two types of nuclear reactions: fission vs. fusion • Research and establish a claim regarding the continual research/application of nuclear power as a form of alternative energy for the US?

Nuclear Fission • Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus by bombarding it with neutrons. chm. bris. ac. uk cikguwong. blogspot. com

Nuclear Fission and Electricity • Generates electricity by turning water into steam. The steam turns the turbines that produces the electricity. The water is recycled. english-online. at chm. bris. ac. uk

Nuclear Fission • Nuclear Waste: Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly. (pg. 812 in text) • Spent fuel rods are still radioactive. • On-site or off-site holding tanks called pools. coto 2. wordpress. com

Nuclear Fusion • Nuclear Fusion – Small isotopes nuclei combine to form a larger isotope. • Immense amount of energy is produced. • More energy than in fission. mrbarlow. wordpress. com

Nuclear Fusion • Produces immense amount of energy. • Does not produce nuclear waste • Applications? Not yet. • Requires extremely hot conditions for the isotopes nuclei to fuse. • Challenging to contain it with current materials. Example: sun (4. 0 x 107 0 C or 7. 2 x 107 F) scienceknowledge. org

Nuclear Energy Debate 1. Compare the two types of nuclear reactions, fission and fusion. Provide examples of each. 2. Establish a claim regarding the following controversial question. Should the US continue the research and application of nuclear power as a form of alternative energy? You must back-up your claim with supporting facts from multiple resources. breakthrougheurope. org

Nuclear Energy Applications Pros Nuclear Energy Cons Nuclear Energy

Chemistry: 2. 26. 18 Infinite Campus: • Half-Life Problems Due: Nuclear Energy T-Table Objectives: • Debate and evaluate my claim regarding the continual research/application of nuclear power as a form of energy for the US. • Nuclear Reaction Exam on Tuesday, 2. 27

Nuclear Chemistry Objectives Students will assess the application of nuclear chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries. Assessment by: -reading and annotating literature that addresses pros and cons of nuclear energy. - Debating with peers why we should or should not depend on nuclear energy. - Establishing a claim based on facts as to why the U. S. should continue to support the research and application of nuclear energy. (ORQ format) •

earth-policy. org

firstlab. webege. com

Nuclear Energy www. nukepills. com

Chernobyl, Ukraine Nuclear Disaster Effects

Fukushima, Japan Disaster Effects guardian. co. uk nucleaire 11. wordpress. com uncannyterrain. com novinite. com business. financialpost. com

Gallery Walk: Nuclear Energy Pros and Cons • Each debate group record on chart paper important pros and cons you addressed today. • Walk around and observe what other debate groups discussed.

Exit Slip: Nuclear Energy 1. Did today’s nuclear energy debate strengthen or weaken your view on this issue? 2. What is your view on this issue now: Should the U. S. continue to support the research, development, and application of nuclear energy? *Make sure to validate your view with several supporting facts. *