NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryJAPAN OIL58

NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory　JAPAN OIL#58: Shorten test procedure (validation test in phase 1 a)

Trial Tests with Multi Cycle Test Method • Test vehicle: Leaf (Nissan) • Test plan (1)SCT (Single cycle test) To conduct the range test for each phase. (2)MCT (Multi cycle test) To consider MCT of WLTP based on SAE. (3) Compare SCT and MCT NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Proposed shorten test procedure with MCT based on SAE J 1634 NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Test vehicle Vehicle condition: 2011 Model(ZAA-ZE 0) Odometer : 4868 km (before the test) Condition 4 WD Chassis dynamometer FF 2 WD mode Setting weight (for WLTP gtr condition) 1681 kg Ambient temperature deg. C 25 NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN 4

Measured Ranges with SCT This SCT test were conducted in the comparison with MCT and only Middle and Ex-High phases were conditioned in this test. Test Results with SCT UBE Eac Usable Battery Capacity AC Recharge Energy 177. 1 km 18. 7 k. Wh 23. 6 k. Wh Middle 170. 1 km 19. 7 k. Wh 24. 3 k. Wh High 147. 3 km 20. 2 k. Wh 24. 8 k. Wh Ex-High 98. 5 km 19. 5 k. Wh 24. 3 k. Wh Phase Range Low NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Example: Measured Discharge Energy with SCT(Middle) NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Measured Energy Consumption with MCT Phase Distance km Low 1 Middle 1 High 1 Ex-High 1 Middle 2 Low 2 CSCM Low 3 Middle 3 High 2 Ex-High 2 Middle 4 Low 4 CSCE Usable Discharge Energy 3. 10 4. 75 7. 12 8. 25 4. 75 3. 10 50. 25 3. 09 4. 74 7. 11 8. 24 4. 75 3. 08 24. 26 Edc Wh ECdc Wh/km Discharge Energy Consumption 377 632 986 1652 542 335 7537 335 552 970 1651 539 336 3495 19. 9 k. Wh 121. 6 133. 2 138. 4 200. 3 114. 0 108. 2 150. 0 108. 6 116. 5 136. 4 200. 3 113. 6 109. 1 144. 1 Usable Discharge Energy is the summation of Edc. NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

SOC variation NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Calculation equations for ranges with MCT The range with MCT was estimated by the following equations. Energy Consumption Wh/km = k 1×EC 1+ k 2×EC 2 + k 3×EC 3+ k 4×EC 4 Range km = (Usable Discharge Energy Wh) / (Energy Consumption Wh/km) k 1=(Discharge Energy for the first Cycle Wh) / (Usable Discharge Energy Wh) k 2= k 3= k 4 =(1 - k 1)/3 For middle range; Energy Consumption Wh/km = k 1×ECmiddle 1+ k 2×ECmiddle 2 + k 3×ECmiddle 3+ k 4×ECmiddle 4 = 115. 3 Wh/km Where, k 1 = 632 Wh / 19. 9 k. Wh = 0. 03 k 2 = k 3 = k 4 = (1 - k 1)/3 = 0. 32 Range km =19. 9 k. Wh/ 115. 3 Wh/km = 172. 9 km NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Estimated Range with MCT Phase Measured Range (SCT) Estimated Range (MCT) Comparison SCT vs MCT Low 177. 1 km 183. 2 km 6. 1 km 3. 6% Middle 170. 1 km 172. 9 km 2. 8 km 1. 7% High 147. 3 km 146. 1 km 1. 2 km 0. 8% Ex-High 98. 5 km 99. 5 km 1. 0 km 1. 1% The results show that the error was small. Thus, it is considered that the shorten test procedure with MCT is usable. Time reduction effect with the shorten test procedure with MCT 　　The measurement of four ranges with SCT consumed 22: 00. 　　The measurement of four ranges with MCT consumed 3: 30. NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Effect in duration reduction for tests Ranges Single Cycle Test 3 days Day 1 for charge Day 2 for WLTP SCT Day 3 for re-charge WLTC range and 5 ays WLTC city range Day 1 for charge Day 2 for WLTP SCT Day 3 for charge Day 4 for WLTP city SCT Day 5 for re-charge WLTC range, 11 days Low phase range, Day 1 for charge Middle phase range, Day 2 for WLTP SCT High phase range and Day 3 for charge Extra High phase range Day 4 for Low phase SCT Day 5 for charge Day 6 for Middle phase SCT Day 7 for charge Day 8 for High phase SCT Day 9 for charge Day 10 for extra High phase SCT Day 11 for re-charge WLTC range only NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN Shorten test procedure 3 days Day 1 for charge Day 2 for WLTP SCT Day 3 for re-charge 3 days Day 1 for charge Day 2 for WLTP SCT Calculation is applied for WLTP city range Day 3 for re-charge 3 days Day 1 for charge Day 2 for WLTP SCT Calculation is applied for other ranges Day 3 for re-charge

Concerns Ø Fluctuation: Influencing factors on range measurement method Measurement Single Cycle Test Shorten test procedure Range [km] UBE [Wh] Constant speed NA Affected DC electricity consumption [Wh/km] NA Cycle sequence Order of phases NA NA Affected Cycle configuration Length of CSC NA NA Affected Speed pattern tracing Strongly affected NA Especially for the final cycle Affected Ø Robustness: Can the both test procedures produce good agreements on results with other PEVs? ⇒Demand for validation tests NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN

Fluctuation in single cycle test • The variation of range is sensitive to driving situations in high speed parts of the cycle. • If the test vehicle is driven successfully during high speed tracing, the range will be long. If it is not, the range will be short. Ø Comparison of current and speed at 10 th cycle No power down Tracing in 11 th cycle was available Power down at this timing Tracing in 11 th cycle was not available Measured range was 157. 1 km Measured range was 149. 2 km NTSEL National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory、JAPAN