NT brief brief overview For CSC 302 ChingWan
NT brief, brief overview For CSC 302 Ching-Wan Yip
OS y. Run applications?
Scenerio y. Medium size organization (200 -20, 000 users) yclients x 85% Wintel (NTWS, 95, 3. x, DOS), 10% UNIX boxes, 5% diehard Mac addicts y. Services xfile, print sharing, user, software access control xmedium load web serving, mail, IP/DNS, applications server (Notes, Real. Audio, R/3, Oracle, Backup, Help. Desk whatever) x. Remote access, fax server, proxy, order, customer database x. It works, 90+% uptime, 24 -7 support
Criteria y. General purpose only, not for xmulti-users, non-backend server side application x 3 D animation x. Huge database x. Sci. Viz, calculation
Options y. Mac. OS/Be. OS y. Novell y. UNIX x. Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, Digital UNIX, Irix, Linux, BSD. . . y. NT
Why? y. OS cost cheaper than expensive UNIX? y. UNIX admin. is very expensive
Vs UNIX x 4/8 processors SMP out of the box, up to 32 OEM xx 86 in practice mostly 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 CPU x 2 G RAM 32 -bit flat addressing in 3. 5 x? , 4 G in 4. 0 x 2 G app/2 G kernel in 3. 5 x; 3 G app/1 G kernel in Enterprise NT, 32 G in 5. 0 using VLM “Very Large Memory” in Alpha and Intel “Merced” x 2 server clustering failover in 4. 0 Enterprise x~25, 000 users in domain x. Iris 6. x, HP-UX 11. x, Digital UNIX 4. x full 64 -bit x. Solaris 2. 6, upcoming AIX 4. 3 partial 64 x. Linux 64 -bit on 64 -bit platform?
Platforms z. Intel x 86 z. DEC Alpha zdefuncted - Power. PC, MIPS zworkstation, server, enterprise
Login - Ctrl-Alt-Delete zlogon
Just like 95? z. Same Program manager/file manager as 95 zfor a $4000 for 25 client OS
NOS z. Mainly a NOS for file/print sharing, user management, DHCP/WINS, browsing
“Built-in” xcan also be remote dial-in server, ftp, gopher, DNS server, routing x. IIS web server (index, management, Front. Page) x. Directory, Message Queue (MSMQ), media streaming (Net. Show), Transcation (MTS), Clustering (MSCS)
Applications Platform y. Back. Office 2. 5 x. NT Server 4. 0 w/ Internet Information Server (IIS) 3. 0 x. Proxy Server 1. 0 x. SQL Server 6. 5 x. Exchange Server 5. 0 x. Systems Management Server (SMS) 1. 2 x. SNA Server 3. 0 y. Site Server, Commerce Internet Server xmanagement, personalization
Setup/license y. Per seat/server
Role in the network z. PDC, BDC, server
Domain model zlogin required to gain access to resources z. Single domain model
Accounts zvs. UNIX /etc/passwd z. Different roles zsecurity identifier (SID) group security identifiers (group SIDs) z S-1 -5 -21 -76965814 -1898335404 -322544488 -1001
User Manager
User control z. User policy zlogin script z. Who can do what
Services z. Vs UNIX daemons
Network Services
Name services y. DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol y. WINS - Windows Internet Name Service y. DNS - Domain Name System
Services managers
Login
Print sharing z. Serve different clients zvs UNIX lpd model
File sharing zvs UNIX’s NFS zor Samba (UNIX pretends to be NT)
File System z. NTFS, FAT (no FAT 32 until NT 5 next year), HPFS (3. 5 x) zno security etc. on FAT z. NTFS 16 EB (2 e 64) b-tree, FAT 4 G (2 e 32) linked list, RAID support z. Universal Naming Convention (UNC) Names x\serversharesubdirectoryfilename
File permissions zchmod ugoa +/-rwxs
Replication zdirectory
Disk/Network/Backup
monitoring zvs top
Monitoring - Event
Admin. Friendly? z/etc/init*, win. ini zstill Windows
Rock solid? z. Still crash - Blue Screen of Dealth (BSOD) z. Some configuration changes requires reboot, or command prompt zrebuild disks zdrivers - OEM specific y. HCL z. SP 1, 2, 3… buggy?
Architecture zkernel 3. 51 vs 4. 0
modular z. Subsystems z 32 -bit NT and most 32 -bit 95 apps y. Windows 16 -bit - DOS, Windows 3. x y. OS/2 - 16 -bit character based apps on x 86 y. POSIX - IEEE 1003. 1 apps compiled under NT
Interprocess Communication (IPC) x. Named Pipes File Systems (NPFS) x· Mailslots File Systems (MSFS) x· Net. BIOS x· Windows Sockets x· Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) x· Network Dynamic Data Exchange (Net DDE) y 4. 0 distributed component object model (DCOM) xbuilds on remote procedure call (RPC) y 5. 0 COM+ DNA
others x. Preemptive multitasking, performance tuning xmemory management xsecurity - C 2, auditing xlocalization - unicode xfault-tolerance - RAID, UPS support xcompatibility - no DOS, OS/2, Windows x. Portability, Scalability, Reliability x. Architecture - HAL, kernel
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