NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility ESIF Smart Grid

NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) Smart Grid Testing and Evaluation Michael Coddington Principal Electrical Engineer National Renewable Energy Laboratory

National Renewable Energy Laboratory – Golden, Colorado Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)

Energy Systems Integration Facility Laboratories HPC - DC Offices • • Addressing the challenges of large-scale integration of clean energy technologies into the energy systems infrastructure http: //www. nrel. gov/esif/ “This new facility will allow for an even stronger partnership with manufacturers, utilities and researchers to help integrate more clean, renewable energy into a smarter, more reliable and more resilient power grid. ” - Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz • NREL’s largest R&D facility (182, 500 ft 2 /20, 000 m 2) Space for ~200 NREL staff and research partners Petascale HPC and Data Center supports all research at NREL Labs focus on R&D of integrated energy systems • Electricity • Fuels • Transportation • Buildings & Campus Integrated electrical, thermal, fuel, and data infrastructure

ESIF Laboratories Rooftop PV & Wind Energy Systems Integration Lab Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers Outdoor Test Areas EVs, Power Transformers Energy Storage Lab Residential, Community & Grid Battery Storage, Flywheels & Thermal Power Systems Integration Lab Grid Simulators Microgrids Smart Power Lab Buildings & Loads HPC & Data Center Auxiliary Control Room ADMS Testbed

ESIF’s Unique Advanced Capabilities Multiple parallel AC and DC experimental busses (MW power level) with grid simulation Flexible interconnection points for electricity, thermal, and fuels Medium voltage (15 k. V) microgrid test bed Virtual utility operations center and visualization rooms Smart grid testing lab for advanced communications and control Interconnectivity to external field sites for data feeds and model validation Petascale HPC and data mgmt system in showcase energy efficient data center Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation capability to test grid scenarios with high penetration of renewables

High Performance and Highly Efficient Computing This computer-generated simulation shows the turbulent nature of wind turbine wakes. The simulation helped uncover potential differences in output between downstream 'waked' turbines and upstream turbines. • High performance computing (1. 2 petaflop) provides a multi-faceted basis for simulating future integrated energy innovations that would otherwise be too expensive, too lengthy, too dangerous, or otherwise impossible to study by direct experimentation • Highly Energy Efficient (PUE under 1. 06) • HPC also has integrated energy control (run scheduling) and waste heat capture HPC Demand Controller: 12. 5% Limit of Previous Month's Peak Power (k. W) 5000 3 D Simulation model of Polymeric organic nitroxide radical (PTMA) film for battery applications 4000 3000 2000 1000 Peak Load reduction 0 0: 00 A 5. P 56: 00 A 5. P 5 12: 00 A 5. P 5 18: 00 A 5. P 5 0: 00 A 5. P 5 Time of Day

ESIF Laboratories The future of energy is integrated systems Electrical Systems Laboratories 1. Power Systems Integration 2. Smart Power 3. Energy Storage 4. Electrical Characterization 5. Energy Systems Integration Thermal Systems Laboratories 6. Thermal Storage Process and Components 7. Thermal Storage Materials 8. Optical Characterization Fuel Systems Laboratories 9. Energy Systems Fabrication 10. Manufacturing 11. Materials Characterization 12. Electrochemical Characterization 13. Energy Systems Sensor 14. Fuel Cell Development & Test 15. Energy Systems High Pressure Test High Performance Computing, Data Analysis, and Visualization 16. ESIF Control Room 17. Energy Integration Visualization 18. Secure Data Center 19. High Performance Computing Data Center 20. Insight Center Visualization 21. Insight Center Collaboration

ESIF Research Infrastructure Research Electrical Distribution Bus – REDB (AC 3 ph, 600 V, 200/1600 A DC +/-500 V, 200/1600) Thermal Distribution Bus Fuel Distribution Bus Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) 1 MW Grid Simulator 250 A DC 1600 A DC 250 A AC 1600 A AC

Hardware-in-the-Loop: Connecting Experiments to Simulations Simulation validated with real field data Utility Substation Actual hardware at ESIF Simulation and Visualization at ESIF 1. 5 MW Subdevelopment with PV at end of circuit Solar Simulator Visualization Interface Device Under Test (e. g. inverter, energy storage, EV, load, etc. ) HIL I/O Interface Load Banks Simulation loop closed with actual hardware Replicated into Larger Simulation Grid Simulator 1 MW 9 1 MW

Large-Scale Grid, PV, and Load Simulators 1 MW Grid Simulator 1. 5 MW PV Array Simulator 1 MW RLC Load Bank

Additional Equipment PV Simulators – 100 k. W Ametek Terra. SAS DC Supplies – 250 k. W Aero. Vironment AV-900 Load Banks – 100 k. W R-L (portable) – 100 k. W R (portable) Small grid simulators – 45 k. W Ametek MX 45 – 15 k. W Elgar Diesel generators – 125 k. VA and 80 k. VA Onan/Cummins – 300 k. VA Caterpillar Hydrogen Systems – Electrolyzers: 50 k. W, 10 k. W – Storage tanks – Fuel cells Real-Time Digital Simulators – Opal-RT (3 racks) – RTDS (1 rack)

ESIF – Power Systems Integration Lab Research in the Power Systems Integration Laboratory focuses on the development and testing of large-scale distributed energy systems for grid-connected, standalone, and microgrid applications. The laboratory can accommodate large power system components, such as inverters for PV and wind systems, diesel and natural gas generators, battery packs, microgrid interconnection switchgear, and vehicles. Lab Functions Main test lab for conducting MW-scale electrical system integration activities. Research explores a variety of operating configurations including: grid connected stand-alone, microgrids, and hybrid power systems. House infrastructure for DG research (AC and DC power supplies for REDB, chiller and boiler) Major Lab Equipment • 1 MW grid simulator • 1. 5 MW PV Array Simulator • 100 k. W PV Array Simulator • Several 250 k. W DC power supplies • • • 100 ton research chiller 750 MBH research boiler Connections to Research Electrical, Thermal, Fuel Buses

Smart Solar Systems Advanced Energy: 500 k. W PV Inverter with Volt-VAR and Freq. Watt Control (DOE SEGIS-AC project to develop advanced Volt-VAR and Freq-Watt control that improves grid operations) • • Full Power Testing Both Utility and Grid Simulator Connections Regenerative Capability of Grid Simulator demonstrated (pushing power back to the utility) Inverter Advanced Functionality demonstrated Inverter 1. 5 MW PV Simulator

NREL and Solar. City NREL with Solar. City and the Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) completed preliminary work conducted at ESIF demonstrating the ability of advanced PV inverters to mitigate some transient overvoltage impacts of high pen PV on distribution grids. As a result, HECO has now expedited the installations of solar PV systems on circuits with over 120% of daytime minimum load if the PV systems are installed with advanced inverters that meet stricter requirements. Sample Waveform

Distributed Control of Energy Storage NREL integrated Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) simulation of energy storage + PV with residential inverter ± 10 k. W battery + 10 k. W PV 123 node grid simulation IEEE 123 Node Feeder Model

ESIF – Smart Power Lab Research in the Smart Power Laboratory focuses on the development and integration of smart, connected technologies, including distributed and renewable energy resources and smart energy management. The 5, 300 -ft 2 laboratory is designed to be highly flexible and configurable to enable a range of smart power activities—from developing advanced inverters and power converters to testing residential- and commercial-scale meters and control technologies. Lab Functions • • Major Lab Equipment • AC power supplies • 45 k. W and 15 k. W grid simulators • Opal RT and RTDS Hardware-in-the-Loop Systems • Connections to REDB Residential scale distributed resources, smart appliances, and HVAC evaluations Interoperability and communications testing Individual Test labs for development and testing of the power electronics components and circuits used in renewable energy integration Instrument development area for basic electronics work • • 3 Smart home appliances (refrigerators, water heaters, dish washers, etc. ) 2 environmental chambers to test small HVAC systems

ESIF - Smart Homes PV Distribution Transformers EV, & battery storage Thermal Energy Storage Hot Water use under simulated occupancy Major Appliances Environmental Chambers for realistic HVAC loading

ESIF – Energy Storage Lab At the Energy Storage Laboratory, research focuses on the integration of energy storage systems (stationary and vehicle-mounted) and their interconnection with the utility grid. Includes batteries, ultra-capacitors, flywheels, compressed air, etc. Lab Functions Testing energy storage components when integrated with renewable energy electrical systems: • Performance • Efficiency • Safety • Model validation • Long duration reliably Major Lab Equipment • DC Power Testing station 250 k. W, up to 900 VDC • Grid Simulator connections • REDB Connections • • • Research Chiller & Boiler 600 k. W PV Simulator EV Chargers

ESIF - V 2 G and Smart EVs NREL is developing testing procedures for V 2 G applications Validates safe interconnection during: Abnormal Voltage/Frequency - Synchronization - Unintentional Islanding - Open-phase - Measures performance - Efficiency Distortion

ADMS with Utility Partners/Vendors • Model large scale distribution systems using the HPC to replicate parts of a utility service territory and connect to a Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) • Integrating distribution system hardware in ESIF using real devices to multiple nodes in computer simulation using power hardware in the loop co-simulation • Advanced visualization capability at ESIF to simulate a mock utility distribution system operator’s control room. PHIL Co-Simulation setup with Alstom DMS

ESIF –Outdoor Test Areas The Outdoor Test Areas at the ESIF allow for testing either at 480 Volts (LVOTA) or 13. 2/13. 8 k. V (MVOTA) MV Major Lab Equipment LV Major Lab Equipment ESIL Major Lab Equipment • • • 1 MVA 13. 2 k. V to 480 Y-Y transformers MV Recloser/Breakers w/SEL Connections to REDB, Utility Distribution transformers 80 k. W and 125 k. W Gensets 100 k. W, 250 k. W load banks Capstone Microturbine Connections to REDB H 2 storage vessels H 2 IC engine testing H 2 Vehicle fueling station

ESIF - Smart Office Areas • • • Integrated Energy Efficiency into Design and Operations High use of daylight Natural use of ventilation through operable windows Uses about 25% national average for energy in office space Installed Enmetric plug load control system Collecting circuit level load information in office area Enmetric Plug Load Controller

NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facilities A unique national asset for energy systems integration NWTC – 2 MW+ R&D, testing, and analysis at various scales SRRL DERTF 1 k. W-200 k. W ESIF Laboratories 1 k. W-2 MW HPC EV Chargers NG and H 2 Filling Stations TTF VTIF RSF and NREL Campus

ESI at NWTC Test Site • Total of 11 MW variable renewable generation currently at NWTC test site • Many small wind turbines (under 100 k. W) installed • 2. 5 MW and 5 MW dynamometers • 7 MVA Controllable Grid Interface (CGI) for grid compliance testing • Multi-MW energy storage testing capability under development Gamesa 2 MW Siemens 2. 3 MW 2. 5 MW Dynamometer, 7 MVA CGI PV Array 1. 1 MW Research Turbines 2 x 650 k. W Alstom 3 MW GE 1. 5 MW

NREL NWTC Dual-Bus Test Site Concept Highly flexible and configurable system level multi-MW testing and demonstration platform • • • Possible to test grid connected generation Micro grids / EMS Combination of technologies / Advanced controls

Remote Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) Inter-Lab PHIL • • PNNL INL CSIRO NWTC

QUESTIONS? Thank You Michael. coddington@nrel. gov http: //www. nrel. gov/esif/