November 2016 Howard County Readiness Matters Kindergarten readiness

November 2016 Howard County

Readiness Matters Kindergarten readiness is critical. • Early experiences lay the groundwork for a child’s lifelong success. • The years from birth to age five are the most crucial period of brain development in a child’s life. • Children who enter kindergarten not demonstrating the social-emotional, cognitive, and physical skills needed for success will continue to struggle academically throughout their school years.

Assessments Matter READY FOR KINDERGARTEN Ready for Kindergarten (R 4 K) is Maryland’s Early Childhood Comprehensive Assessment System. R 4 K is developmentally appropriate and aligns with the State’s rigorous Pre. K-12 College and Career-Ready Standards. R 4 K has two components: • The Early Learning Assessment (ELA) measures the progress of learning in young children, 36 to 72 months (3 to 6 years), across nine levels in seven domains: language & literacy, mathematics, science, social foundations, social studies, physical well-being and motor development, and the arts. • The Kindergarten Readiness Assessment (KRA) looks at the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of kindergarteners across four domains: social foundations, language & literacy, mathematics, and physical well-being and motor development.

Assessments Matter MARYLAND’S KINDERGARTEN READINESS ASSESSMENT Kindergarteners are assessed as: • DEMONSTRATING READINESS Ø Consistently demonstrates the foundational skills and behaviors that enable a child to fully participate in the kindergarten curriculum. • APPROACHING READINESS Ø Exhibits some of the foundational skills and behaviors that are needed to participate in the kindergarten curriculum. • EMERGING READINESS Ø Displays minimal foundational skills and behaviors that prepare him/her to meet kindergarten expectations. Children whose readiness skills are “approaching” and/or “emerging” require differentiated instruction, targeted supports, or interventions to be successful in kindergarten.

Assessments Matter MARYLAND’S KINDERGARTEN READINESS ASSESSMENT Administering the KRA Local boards of education and individual schools choose to administer the KRA in one of the following ways: • Census Administration. Each kindergarten teacher administers the KRA to all incoming kindergarteners. 12 jurisdictions conducted a census administration. • Sample Administration. Each kindergarten teacher administers the KRA to a sample of students in his/her classroom. MSDE determines the sample size based on enrollment data. 12 jurisdictions, including Howard County, used a sample administration. CENSUS SAMPLE ADMINISTRATION (100% ASSESSED) (SAMPLE SIZE) Allegany Baltimore City Caroline Dorchester Garrett Kent Queen Anne’s Somerset Talbot Washington Wicomico Worcester Anne Arundel (22%) Baltimore County (20%) Calvert (26%) Carroll (32%) Cecil (30%) Charles (20%) Frederick (30%) Harford (30%) Howard (31%) Montgomery (12%) Prince George’s (12%) St. Mary’s (32%)

Assessments Matter MARYLAND’S KINDERGARTEN READINESS ASSESSMENT Howard County can use the KRA data to: SAMPLE Benefit Students: identifies the individual learning needs of every student and determines necessary supports to help each child succeed. Support Classroom Instruction: enables teachers to monitor each student’s progress and mastery of kindergarten standards, as well as differentiate instruction to address learning gaps and individual student needs. Inform Families: provides all families with an Individual Student Report (ISR), which gives information about their child’s skills, abilities, and development. Offer Early Childhood Programs Feedback: indicates how well-prepared their children are for kindergarten and reveals areas where prior care instructional practices need to be modified to better promote kindergarten readiness. Advise Community Leaders & Policy Makers: offers rich information about kindergarten readiness and promotes well-informed programmatic, policy, and funding decisions.

OVERALL READINESS 54% School Readiness in Howard County • Nearly, 4, 000 children entered Howard County’s kindergarten classrooms. • Teachers used the KRA tool to assess 31% of kindergarteners. • 54% of the County’s kindergarteners demonstrate readiness, entering classrooms fully prepared to participate in the kindergarten curriculum. DEMONSTRATE READINESS 3, 869 KINDERGARTENERS 31% KINDERGARTENERS ASSESSED

OVERALL READINESS Overall Kindergarten Readiness Progress, but more work to do. HOWARD COUNTY KINDERGARTEN READINESS • 54% of Howard County’s kindergarteners demonstrate readiness, up from 50% in 2016 -2017. • Approximately 1, 200 children do not demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed to succeed in school. • Children identified as emerging readiness (14%) are the most vulnerable and display minimal foundational skills, often requiring differentiated instruction, targeted supports or interventions. Demonstrating ]VALUE%[ Approaching ]VALUE%[ Emerging ]VALUE%[ Maryland

JURISDICTIONAL READINESS Jurisdictional highlights: • 13 of Maryland’s 24 jurisdictions, including Howard County, exceed the statewide average (>45% demonstrating readiness). • 3 jurisdictions meet the statewide average.

JURISDICTIONAL READINESS Major jurisdictional improvements. • 9 jurisdictions saw one-year gains of 15% or higher. High poverty jurisdictions show lower readiness. • DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS ]VALUE%[ Kent. * + [VALUE] Garrett. * 59 Carroll + 57 Somerset. * + 56 Worcester * + Frederick 54 Howard 54 52 Calvert Anne Arundel 48 Queen Anne's 48 Baltimore. . . 47 5 of the 8 jurisdictions with Wicomico * + lower than average readiness Caroline * Harford levels have a higher percentage of kindergarteners Talbot. * + Maryland living in poverty. Dorchester. * + 47 Montgomery 47 45 45 44 Cecil + 42 St. Mary's 42 41 Baltimore Cit. . . Allegany * 39 Charles * 39 37 Washington Prince. . . 34 Legend: + Jurisdictions with 1 -year readiness gains of 15% or higher * Jurisdictions with a higher than average percentage of kindergarteners living in poverty (> 43% of kindergarteners receiving Fa. RMs)

DOMAIN READINESS Overall Kindergarten Readiness School success depends on a child’s readiness in multiple domains. • KRA looks at readiness across four domains. • These domains are recognized as essential for school and long-term success. • Howard County’s KRA data show: DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS 58% SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS 49% 43% 63% LANGUAGE & LITERACY MATHEMATICS PHYSICAL WELL-BEING & MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Gender READINESS Gender gap favors females. • 61% of female kindergarteners demonstrate readiness, compared with 47% of males. • Girls perform 5 points higher in mathematics and 11 points higher in language & literacy. • Males score 14 points lower in social foundations and 20 points lower in physical wellbeing and motor development. M a t h DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS HOWARD COUNTY ]X VALUE%[ MALES ]X VALUE%[ Social Foundations Language & Literacy Mathematics 14 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ 5 t GAP Physical Well-Being & Motor Development FEMALES ]X VALUE%[ 14 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ 11 pt ]X VALUE%[ GAP ]X VALUE%[ 20 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[

RACE/ETHNICITY DEMOGRAPHICS & READINESS 1 Readiness gaps exist for Howard County’s children of color. • 42% of African American kindergarteners and 31% of Hispanic kindergarteners demonstrate readiness, compared with 65% of white kindergarteners. DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS KINDERGARTEN ENROLLMENT ]VALUE%[ African American Asian ]VALUE%[ ]VALUE%[ Hispanic/Latino ]VALUE%[ Two or More ]VALUE%[ White ]VALUE%[ 1 Readiness and demographic information for students of American Indian (0. 3% of Maryland’s kindergarten enrollment) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0. 2%) ethnic backgrounds are not reported due to limited sample size.

Subgroup DEMOGRAPHICS & READINESS Some of Howard County’s kindergarteners face barriers to academic success. DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS HOWARD COUNTY ]X VALUE%[ Children from Low-Income Households English Learners ]X VALUE%[ Children with Disabilities ]X VALUE%[ 33 pt GAP 34 pt GAP 28 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ Children from Mid-/ High-Income Households English Proficient Children without Disabilities 24% 8% 9% OF KINDERGARTENERS LIVE IN LOW-INCOME ARE ENGLISH LEARNERS HAVE IDENTIFIED DISABILITIES HOUSEHOLDS

Kindergarteners from Low-Income Households READINESS Children from low-income households start school at a disadvantage. • 29% of kindergarteners from low-income households demonstrate readiness, compared with 62% of children from mid- to high-income households. M a • Substantial readiness gaps exist across all domains. t h DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS HOWARD COUNTY ]X VALUE%[ CHILDREN FROM LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS ]X VALUE%[ Social Foundations Language & Literacy ]X VALUE%[ Mathematics 33 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ 36 pt GAP Physical Well-Being & Motor Development 29 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ 18 pt GAP CHILDREN FROM MID- TO HIGH-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS ]X VALUE%[ 16 pt GAP]X VALUE%[

English Learner READINESS English proficiency impacts school readiness. • 23% of English learners demonstrate readiness, compared with 57% of English proficient kindergarteners. • English learners tend to lag behind their English proficient peers in all domains of M a learning. t h DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS ]X VALUE%[ ENGLISH LEARNERS 34 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ Mathematics ENGLISH PROFICIENT 12 pt ]X VALUE%[GAP]X VALUE%[ Social Foundations Language & Literacy ]X VALUE%[ HOWARD COUNTY 39 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ 28 pt GAP Physical Well-Being & Motor Development ]X VALUE%[ 12 pt ]X VALUE%[ GAP

Children with Identified Disabilities READINESS Fewer kindergarteners with identified disabilities demonstrate readiness. • • 28% demonstrate readiness, compared with 56% of their peers without a disability. Children with disabilities perform closest to their nondisabled peers in mathematics M and language & literacy (a 16 -point readiness gap and a 23 -point gap, respectively). a t h DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS HOWARD COUNTY ]X VALUE%[ CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Social Foundations 28 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ Language & Literacy ]X VALUE%[ Mathematics ]X VALUE%[ 26 pt GAP 23 pt GAP CHILDREN WITHOUT DISABILITIES ]X VALUE%[ 16 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[ Physical Well-Being & Motor Development ]X VALUE%[ 32 pt GAP ]X VALUE%[

Prior Care EXPERIENCE & READINESS Benefits of high-quality early education are clear. • • 90% of Howard County’s kindergarteners attended a formal early learning setting the year prior to starting school. Kindergarteners enrolled in formal early learning settings – regardless of setting – outperform their peers who were at home or in informal care the year prior to kindergarten. DEMONSTRATE KINDERGARTEN READINESS PARENT-REPORTED PRIOR CARE EXPERIENCE Child Care ]VALUE%[ ]VALUE%[ Family Child Care Head Start Home / Informal ]VALUE%[ Non-Public Nursery Pre. K ]VALUE%[

PUBLICLY FUNDED 2 Pre. K Enrollment About Pre. K. • 28% of Howard County’s children were enrolled in publicly funded Pre. K programs the year prior to kindergarten. • Among these kindergarteners, 37% attended full-day Pre. K. Percent of Children Enrolled in Publicly Funded Pre. K the Year Prior to Kindergarten (SY 2016 -2017) [VALUE] [CATEGOR Y NAME] [VALUE] [CATEG ORY NAME] [VALUE] [CATEGO RY NAME] 2 Publicly funded Pre. K refers to programs serving children in public school Pre. K classrooms, as well as those serving children in community- based Pre. K classrooms funded through the Federal Preschool Development Grants program.

Equity Matters Educational inequity impacts school readiness. • Many of our youngest children live in communities with significant barriers that can prevent them from reaching their full potential. • Children from disadvantaged environments are the least likely to get the supports they need. 3 • Personal or social circumstances – such as immigration status, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, English proficiency, or disability – must not be barriers or obstacles to academic success. 4 3 James J. Heckman, “Invest in early childhood development: Reduce de cits, strengthen the economy” (The Heckman Equation, n. d. ). 4 Patte Barth, “Educational Equity. What Does It Mean? How Do We Know When We Reach It? ” (Center for Public Education, January 2016).

Equity Matters Equity is achieved when all students have the resources they need, such as exceptional teachers or high-quality early childhood programming, to thrive and be successful. 5 Investments yield high returns. • • High-quality birth-to-five programs for disadvantaged children can deliver a 13% per year return on investment. These economically significant returns are realized through better outcomes, including increased school and career achievement, more high school graduates, reduced costs of remedial education, lower health and criminal justice expenditures, and higher adult employment and incomes. 6 5 “Race for Results: Building a Path to Opportunity for All Children, ” 2017 Policy Report, Kids Count (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2017). 6 James J. Heckman, “There’s more to gain by taking a comprehensive approach to early childhood development” (The Heckman Equation, 2016).

Success Is Within Our Reach ADDRESSING INEQUITIES We must ensure that all children have equitable access to enriching and supportive learning environments and that personal or social circumstances are not obstacles to kindergarten readiness and academic success. The solution must be multi-faceted: • Equitable distribution of education funding • Support “Pre. K for All” or “Universal Pre. K” • Use the KRA data • Focus on the most vulnerable • Demand quality • Incorporate culturally & linguistically competent practices • Address the disconnect • Engage & empower families • Keep school readiness a top priority

A Collective Obligation HELP ALL CHILDREN ACHIEVE ANDT HRIVE Learn More The following materials are available to help jurisdictional leaders and key stakeholders use the KRA data: • Statewide Resources Ø Statewide Report Ø Technical Report Ø Statewide Infographic Ø Statewide Power. Point Presentation • Jurisdictional Resources Ø Jurisdiction-specific Issue Briefs Ø Customized Power. Point Presentations www. Ready. At. Five. org