Notes solid state vs gas detectors Silicon detector

materials for thermal neutron conversion: which one? 6 Li 10 B (0. 025) ≈

converter deposition technique solid state gas rough, simple, fast, cheap delicate, complex, slow, cost?

converter thickness measurement solid state gas alpha source 4 He AFM? other? exploits the

overall mechanical structure solid state gas robust, manageable delicate, bulky? little non-detector material? Notes:

operating features solid state gas vacuum compatible under vacuum? low voltage high voltage? very

conclusions? open discussion Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati

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Notes solid state vs gas detectors Silicon detector ? GEM detector Scintillator detector Diamond detector Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 1

materials for thermal neutron conversion: which one? 6 Li 10 B (0. 025) ≈ 940 b available E 4. 78 Me. V 157 Gd (0. 025) ≈ 240 kb 113 Cd (0. 025) ≈ 20 kb (0. 025) ≈ 3840 b available E 2. 79 Me. V (and gamma rays) Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy large available E but in form of gamma rays: difficult neutron identification Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 2

materials for thermal neutron conversion: which one? 6 Li 10 B (0. 025) ≈ 940 b available E 4. 78 Me. V (0. 025) ≈ 3840 b available E 2. 79 Me. V (and gamma rays) detection of 3 H and/or 4 He detection of 4 He (and 7 Li? ) lower kinetic energy ≈ 1 gamma ray /capture natural abundance: 7% vs 20% Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 3

converter deposition technique solid state gas rough, simple, fast, cheap delicate, complex, slow, cost? substrate: glass, Al, C, . . . substrate: ceramic, . . . ? substrate thickness ≈ 1µm? substrate thickness ? adherence: not quite relevant adherence: mandatory Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 4

converter thickness measurement solid state gas alpha source 4 He AFM? other? exploits the same detector additional equipment needed? rough, simple, fast, cheap delicate, complex, slow, cost? output in mg/cm 2 of converter output depends on chemistry? Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 5

overall mechanical structure solid state gas robust, manageable delicate, bulky? little non-detector material? Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 6

operating features solid state gas vacuum compatible under vacuum? low voltage high voltage? very stable stability? closed sealed? easily assembled/disassembled needs gas flow? no physical/chemical agents on the converter sees gas, ions, electrical discharges Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 7

conclusions? open discussion Notes: solid state vs gas detectors Helium Replacement in Italy Frascati 2 -3 Dec 2013 P. Finocchiaro 8