Notes on Subatomic Particles There are 3 subatomic

Notes on Subatomic Particles There are 3 subatomic particles in an atom: 1. proton 2. neutron 3. electron

nucleus Electrons Proton (positive) Neutron (neutral) (negative)

Subatomic Particle Proton (p+) Neutron (n) Electron (e-) Charge Location positive nucleus neutral nucleus Mass 1 amu (atomic mass unit) 1 amu Zip around negative nucleus in shells _1_ 1837 amu

When using the periodic table to find subatomic particle information… Atomic mass # A symbol Atomic # Atomic mass # : Atomic # : Z • Is a number in decimal form • When you round it, it tells you the mass of p+ + n + e x • Tells the # of p+ • Tells the # of e- To find the # of neutrons: Atomic mass # - atomic # = # neutrons

Atoms that aren’t typical ¢ ISOTOPE – atom with a number of neutrons that is higher or lower than what’s indicated on the periodic table (typically radioactive) ¢ ION – atom with a number of electrons that is higher (anion) or lower (cation) than what’s indicated on the periodic table

Examples on Subatomic Particle Worksheet: symbol name 23 sodium 11 Na 91 40 Zr zirconium 133 55 Cs cesium Z 11 p+ 11 n A e- 12 23 11 40 40 51 91 40 55 55 78 133 55

Notes on the Periodic Table ¢ Periodic table created by Dimitri Mendeleev He organized it by increasing mass (doesn’t work…look at #27 and #28) and by similar properties ¢NOW organized by increasing atomic number and by similar properties

Organization of the Periodic Table Rows ( ) – periods, shells, energy levels, electron clouds Columns (↕) – groups, families, # of valence electrons Left of Zig Zag Line - metals, cations (positive ions) Zig Zag Line – metalloids, semi-metals, semiconductors Right of Zig. Zag Line – non-metals, anions (negative ions)

Families of the Periodic Table Column 1 – Alkali Metals ¢Column 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals ¢Column 8 (18) – Nobel Gases ¢Column 7 (17) – Halogens ¢Column 6 (16) – Oxygen Family ¢ * Column 5 (15) – Nitrogen Family **Note: Only Down to Zig Zag line for Oxygen Family and Nitrogen Family!!

Families of the Periodic Table continued… Middle of the periodic table … TRANSITION METALS ¢Coinage Family (Cu, Ag, Au) ¢Lanthanides ¢Actinides (1 st row on bottom) (2 nd row on bottom)