Notes Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration makes
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Notes: Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars and other carbonbased molecules • aerobic (requires oxygen) • Takes place in mitochondria
Cellular Respiration Overall Equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → →→→ 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP How is this different from photosynthesis?
Glycolysis • Means “glucose breaking” • C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) broken into two 3 -carbon molecules of pyruvic acid • Produces 2 molecules of ATP
Glycolysis • Occurs in the cytoplasm next to the mitochondria • Anaerobic process (does not require oxygen) • Reactant: Glucose • Product: 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid • This will enter the mitochondria for further processing
Aerobic Respiration • Aerobic Respiration takes place in two main stages • Requires oxygen (aerobic) • Occurs in the mitochondria
Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle • Takes place in interior space of mitochondria called the matrix (liquid inside mitochondria) • Pyruvic acid made in glycolysis are broken down further
Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle • This produces carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ATP. • ATP is transferred to 2 nd step of aerobic respiration. • Reactants: Pyruvic Acid • Products: CO 2 and 2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain • Takes place in inner membrane (cristae) • ATP is transferred to electron transport chain from Kreb’s Cycle
Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain • Oxygen enters process and picks up electrons and hydrogen to make H 2 O (water) • Many enzymes required for process • 34 ATP produced for a total of 36 including glycolysis • Reactants: ATP and O 2 • Products: H 2 O and 34 ATP
Overall Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → →→→ 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP
Fermentation • Anaerobic process • Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable
Fermentation • Glycolysis makes 2 ATP • Better to make two than none!
Fermentation Types 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation– occurs in muscle cells 2. Alcoholic Fermentation
Energy and Exercise • Short Term Energy • Cells contain only enough ATP for a few seconds of intense activity • Then cells rely on lactic acid fermentation (can supply for about 90 seconds) • Lactic acid build-up causes burning in muscles. Only way to get rid of lactic acid is chemical pathway that requires oxygen (why you breathe heavy after heavy exercise. )
Energy and Exercise • Long Term Energy • Cellular respiration only way to produce continuous supply of ATP • Energy stored in muscles and other tissue in form of carbohydrate glycogen • Enough glycogen for about 15 to 20 min • When glycogen used up, body breaks down other stored molecules including fats, for energy.
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