Notes 10 War in Europe Schlieffen Plan Germans

Notes # 10 War in Europe

Schlieffen Plan • Germans did not want to fight the Russians and French at the same time. • They adopted the Schlieffen Plan which had the Germans invade France through Belgium. • If they knock France out first, then they can focus on Russia.

Miracle on the Marne • German troops overwhelmed the British, French and Belgium troops. • As the Germans got close to Paris, French troops were able to rally (using taxi’s to transport troops), and the allies pushed the Germans past the Marne River during a battle that lasted from the 5 th to the 12 th of September, 1914.

? ? ? What might happen? ? ?

? ? ? What might happen? ? ?

Trench Warfare • After their defeat at the Marne, the Germans start to build trenches to defend the territory they had conquered. • Soon a line of trenches is built on both sides, stretching from Switzerland to the English Channel.

The First Battle of Ypres • From October 19 to November 22, 1914, the Germans attacked the Belgium stronghold of Ypres, hoping to take control of many port cities by the English Channel. • Though the British Army was almost defeated, more men, like troops from India, arrived in time to save the day.

Winter • After Ypres, both sides prepared for a long winter living in horrible trench conditions.

? ? ? Question Time? ? ? • Schlieffen Plan: • Miracle on the Marne: • Battle of Ypres:

!!!Meanwhile!!!

Russian Front • On August 17 th 1914, the Russians invaded Germany, but were defeated at the Battle of Tannenberg which lasted from August 26 – 30. This massive defeat prevented Russia from really ever threatening Germany.

• However, though not able to beat the Germans, the Russians won several victories against the Austro. Hungarian Empire. • This caused many German troops (who were needed to fight in the west) to be moved to fight the Russians.

? ? ? Question Time? ? ? • Germans vs. Russians: • Austro-Hungarians vs. Russians:

Early War • What is the war like now at the end of 1914 on the Western Front? • What is the war like now at the end of 1914 on the Eastern Front?

Part 2

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • In order to starve each other out of the war, both British and Germans use Submarines and target any enemy ship, regardless if it is civilian or military.

Q Ship • In order to combat submarines, both sides created Q – ships. • These ships looked like harmless merchant ships carrying supplies. • When a submarine surfaced to fire on the ship, the Q -ship would fire on the submarine from hidden guns.