Notes 1 Present Indicative Tense I Verb Endings

Notes #1 Present Indicative Tense

I. Verb Endings The present tense is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding the following endings: -ar o as a -er amos áis an o es e -ir emos éis en o es e imos ís en

II. Irregular Yo forms a. –go verbs salir salgo salimos sales salís salen similar verbs: tener venir decir hacer oír poner seguir conseguir traer caerse valer- to be worth

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) b. –oy verbs dar doy damos dais da dan similar verbs: ir ser estar (*accent marks)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) c. –zco verbs conocer conozco conocemos conoces conocéis conocen similar verbs: merecer- to deserve nacer- to be born obedecer - to obey parecerse- to look like (somebody) conducir producir reducir traducir

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) d. –jo verbs occurs in all –ger & –gir verbs coger- to catch, to grasp cojo cogimos coges cogís cogen similar verbs: recoger- to pick up escoger- to choose, to pick exigir- to demand, to require fingir- to pretend

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) e. miscellaneous verbs saber- sé ver- veo convencer (to convince)- convenzo caber (to fit into)- quepo

II. Stem-changing verbs a. e to ie pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensan similar verbs: cerrar comenzar divertirse despertarse empezar mentir- to lie preferir sentarse sentir- to be sorry sentirse- to feel

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) b. o to ue volver vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volvéis vuelven similar verbs: acostarse almorzar contar- to count, to tell a story devolver- to return an item dormir encontrar jugar (u to ue) morir mostrar- to show recordar- to remember poder

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) c. e to i pedir pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden similar verbs: despedirse- to say goodbye reñir- to argue, to fight repetir servir vestirse *seguir conseguir- to get, to obtain

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) d. –y verbs occurs in –uir verbs huir- to flee huyo huimos huyes huís huyen similar verbs: oír* construir- to construct incluir- to include concluir- to conclude influir- to influence

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) e. oler- to smell, to stink huelo olemos hueles oléis huelen

III. Accent verbs a. –iar & –uar verbs Some – iar and – uar verbs (exceptions include estudiar, limpiar, copiar, etc. ) have accent marks in a stem-changing pattern. continuar- to continue continúo continuamos continúas continuáis continúan similar verbs: actuar- to act graduarse- to graduate enviar- to send confiar- to confide in, to entrust espiar- to spy fiarse- to trust

III. Accent verbs (continued) b. reír - to laugh sonreír - to smile ALL forms have an accent mark over the letter í sonrío sonríes sonríe sonreímos sonreís sonríen